The Civil War By Mr. Eichmann

1. Was Slavery the Most Important Cause of the War? A. It presented a dramatic moral issue involving freedom and democratic ideals B. It was the biggest difference between the North and the South C. It was at the heart of most major issues dividing the nation

Nevertheless, we must remember that… A majority of southerners did not own slaves Most northerners were not abolitionists Four slave states remained loyal to the Union and did not join the Confederacy

2. Economic Differences North – becoming more industrial South – remaining agricultural

3. Nature of the Federal Union North – Union created by the Republic and indivisible ; secession was illegal South – Union created by the states and any state had a right to secede

4. Control of Central Government Both North and South wanted control of all 3 branches of government to protect their interests

5. Differences in Civilization North – More democratic and diverse South – An aristocracy and static society (little change)

6. Fanaticism Extremists on both sides projected unfair stereotypes on the other side. There was also a lack of moderate leaders who could find middle ground and find peaceful solutions

CONCLUSION There was no single cause of the Civil War. Rather, it resulted from a number of factors that were related to each other. The causes of the war are still hotly debated today.

Comparing the Union and the Confederacy By Mr. Eichmann

States Union Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan, Wisconsin, Kansas, California, Oregon, West Virginia, Rhode Island South Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas Neutral States – Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware

Map of States Before the Civil War

Goals North “Preserve the Union” Punish Confederate leaders for supporting secession End slavery in the south South Protect states’ rights and way of life Fight a defensive war and turn northerners against the campaign Get help from Great Britain and France to help win the war

Political Leaders Abraham Lincoln Jefferson Davis Limited free speech for Southern sympathizers Criticized greatly during the war Called for reconciliation after the war Jefferson Davis Inflexible and intolerant to criticism Unable to rally states to support cause of federal government Blamed for failures of the Confederacy

Military Leaders of the North George McClelland and various commanders unsuccessful leading “The Army of the Potomac” Ulysses S. Grant and William “Tecumseh” Sherman became important later in the war

Military Leaders of the South Robert E. Lee – leader of the “Army of Northern Virginia” Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Recruitment North Citizen soldiers- drafted by the army City workers and immigrants Less military experience South Citizen soldiers – most volunteers Frontiersmen and hunters Better prepared for military experience No draft until the end of the war

Size of Army South – white population of 5 million 1,300,000 soldiers at its height 4 million slaves not allowed to fight Uniform - grey North – white population- 22 million 2,000,000 soldiers at its height Uniform color -blue

Supplies North 90% of factories in the north, capable of producing weapons and supplies Railroads available for support Plenty of banks to offer cash and loans Rifles – more accurate than muskets South Less factories available to produce weapons and supplies Cotton diplomacy – sell cotton to buy weapons and supplies from Great Britain or France Needed to create government institutions and banking system “from scratch”

Intangibles North South Larger and well-established army and navy More access to recruits to continue the fight Strong financial and government resources Less understanding of what they were fighting for South Home field advantage Desire to defend their homeland Better generals Confederation where states distrusted the federal government