Ohio Learning Standard #5 * The Scientific Revolution impacted religious, political and cultural institutions by challenging how people viewed the world

Nicolaus Copernicus Prussian Mathematician (born 1473) who developed interest in A__________ while studying at Krakow Univ in Poland Acquired major collection of books - including those of Greek philosophers Aristotle and Ptolemy (Geo_______)

Heliocentric System Creation of a planetary model of Solar System - which names the _______, rather than Earth, as the center Uses Mathematical system for proving theory & builds larger, more complex T____________ to view planets in motion

Copernican Assumptions *The center of the Earth is not the center of the universe, but only of gravity and of the lunar sphere *All the spheres (Planets) revolve about the sun at their mid-point (Axis), therefore sun is the center of the universe *Earth together with its elements performs complete rotation on its fixed poles in a daily motion *What appear as motions of the sun arise not from its motion but from motion of the earth with which we revolve about the sun … like any other planet

Eclipses & Tides Publishes book - On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres Mathematical calculations of planet rotations and motions (forces) of the Moon - including Solar & Lunar

The Universe – according to Copernicus

Galileo Galilei Mathematics professor in Pisa, Italy during the 16th Century Supported the Copernican theory of a sun-centered Solar System called: H_____________ Planetary System Experiments with falling objects & views about how objects move in M________

University of Pisa Wrote Discourse on Bodies in Water - refuting explanation of why objects float in water (flat shape)… but weight of the object in relation to Water D____________

Scientific Analysis & Publication Pioneering observations of nature & study of physics Developed Inductive Reasoning & Scientific Method Produced Terrestrial Telescope & Military Compass

Acceptance … or Not? Accused of h_________ by the church for his beliefs & for his books on scientific-based ideas Church I___________ charged Copernican theory heretical Ordered not to “teach or defend” the Copernican theory