Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting) Matakuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management and Business Tahun : 2007 Versi : 1 / 3 Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting) Management Yesterday and Today

Learning Outcome Student should be able to explain the development Of management, and also understand current trends and management issues -> C3

Learning Outline Historical Background of Management Scientific Management General Administrative Theory Quantitative Approach Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior The System Approach The Contingency Approach Currents Trends and Issues

1. Historical Background of Management Management Theories Historical Back Ground Scientific Management Quantitative Approach System Approach General Administrative Theory Organizational Behavior Contingency Approach Early Example Of Management Early Advocates Adam Smith Hawthorne Studies Industrial Revolution

2. Scientific Management a. Frederick W.Taylor Develop a science for each element of an individual’s work, which will replace the old rule of thumb method Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the worker Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to ensure that all work is done in accordance with the principles of the science that has been developed Divide work and responsibility almost equally between management and workers.

b. Frank Gilbreth c. Lilian Gilbreth Studied work to eliminate inefficient hand-and -body motions. Invented a device called a microchronometer.

2. General Administrative Theory a. Henry Fayol Fayol’s Principle of Management: Division of work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interests to the general interest Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure of personnel Initiative Esprit de corps

b. Max Weber Weber’s Ideal Bureaucracy: Division of labor Authority hierarchy Formal Selection Formal rules and regulation Impersonality Career orientation

3. Quantitative Approach to Management Robert Mc.Namara Charles “Tex” Thornton Involves the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making. This approach has been called: Operation research or Management science Using statistical method & quantitative models Linear programming - to improve resource allocation decisions 3) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

4. Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior a. Early Advocates: Robert Owen Hugo Munsterberg Mary Parker Follert Chester Barnard b. The Hawthorne Studies

Transformation Process Output Input 5. The Systems Approach Environment System Transformation Process Output Input Raw Materials Human resources Capital Technology Information Employees’ work activities Management Technology and operation methods Products and services Financial results Information Human Feedback Environment

6. The Contingency Approach Organization Size Routineness of Task Technology Environmental Uncertainty Individual Differences

7. Current Trends and Issues Globalization Ethics Workforce Diversity Entrepreneurship Managing In an E-Business World Knowledge Management and Learning Organization Quality Management