1. HISTORY

3. 1776 – Adam Smith Division of Labor or Job Specialization Late 18 th Century Industrial Revolution 1900 – Development of Management Theories

4. Historical Background Early examples Adam Smith Industrial Revolution Scientific Mngmt. Gen. Admntv. Early Advocates. Hawthorne Studies Org. Behavior Systems Theory Contingency Approach Approaches to Management Taylor & Gilbreth Fayol & Weber

5. CLASSICAL APPROACH

6. Frederick W. Taylor 4 Principles of Management Frank and Lillian Gilbreth Therbligs

7. 1.Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks. 2.Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves. 3.Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task" (Montgomery 1997: 250). 4.Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks

8. Henri Fayol 14 Principles of Management Max Weber Bureaucracy

9. Henri Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management Division of work Authority Discipline Unity of command Unity of direction Subordination of individual interest Remuneration Centralization Scalar chain Order Equity Stability of tenure Initiative Esprit de corps

10. A bureaucracy should have… Division of Labor Authority Hierarchy Formal Selection Formal Rules & Regulations Impersonality Career Orientation

11. BEHAVIORAL APPROACH

12. Robert Owen (1700) Working conditions ideal workplace money spent on labor is smart investment Hugo Munsterber (1900) Industrial psychology Psychological test for employee selection Learning theory concepts for employee training Study of human behavior for employee motivation Mary Parker Follet (1900) Organization can be viewed from perspective of individual and group behavior