HOW THE WORLD WORKS AND YOUR PLACE IN IT Environmental SCIENCE HOW THE WORLD WORKS AND YOUR PLACE IN IT Unit 6 Energy

Oil and Gas Deposits A source rock is a rock that is rich in organic matter. A reservoir rock is a rock that contains many tiny pores with connecting passageways through which the oil and gas can move. A trap, or rock without pores, forms a dam or a lid that keeps the oil and gas from escaping. This lid must be tightly sealed in order for oil and gases to collect in the reservoir.

Secondary Recovery Methods Acid is injected into the well to dissolve channels in the rock. This method involves pumping water, carbon dioxide or other gases into the well to force the oil toward the opening

Simplified Diagram of an Oil Refinery The processing of crude oil begins with distillation. The crude oil is heated to 650°F (340°C). As the oil is heated, the vapors pass through a series of perforated trays in a fractionating tower. The different hydrocarbons condense at different temperatures. The lighter compounds condense near the top of the tower, and the heaviest compounds condense at the bottom of the tower.

Fossil Fuel (Coal) Power Plant The first commercial electric generating station, designed by Thomas Edison, burned coal to heat water and produce steam. The steam turned the turbines, and enough electricity was produced to light 1200 street lamps.

Hydroelectric Power Plant Hydroelectric power is produced when the energy of falling water turns a water turbine.

Nuclear Power Plant The fuel used in nuclear power plants is mainly uranium. When the uranium atoms fission or split apart, they release huge amounts of energy. This energy heats water and creates steam that drives the turbines.