Endocrine System Notes Upload 9.25 Endocrine system notes

Anatomy Physiology -endocrine glands  any tissue or organ that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream   Do you know the names of any endocrine glands? -hormones    chemicals that affect the metabolism or behavior of a cell  Do you remember what is meant by "metabolism”? -target cell  a cell having a specific receptor that reacts with a specific hormone  Can you think of the names of any specific hormones?

Endocrine Glands Matching: Adrenal Hypothalmus Ovaries Pancreas Parathyroid Pineal Gland Pituitary Gland Testes Thymus Thyroid 7 1 9 8 4 2 3 10 6 5

Releases hormones to the pituitary Secrete testosterone 7 1 9 8 4 2 3 10 6 5 Adrenal Hypothalmus Ovaries Pancreas Parathyroid Pineal Gland Pituitary Gland Testes Thymus Thyroid Releases hormones to the pituitary Secrete testosterone Secretes insulin Master endocrine gland Metabolizes carbs, proteins, and lipids Maturation site for immune system cells Secretes adrenalin Secrete estrogen Secretes melatonin (regulates sleep patterns) Controls the amount of calcium in the blood

Diseases of the Endocrine System 1. Produce too little of a hormone: Addison's disease- fatigue, upset stomach, dehydration, skin hyperpigmentation due to underproduction of cortisol by the adrenal glands

2. Produce too much of a hormone: Hyperthyroidism- weight loss, fast heart rate, nervousness due to overproduction of thyroid hormone. Typically caused by the autoimmune disorder- Graves Disease.

How The Endocrine System Works 1. The nervous system causes a hormone to be released. Fight or Flight Example: Hypothalamus causes the release of adrenalin

2. The hormone is shuttled through the blood stream to a target cell 2. The hormone is shuttled through the blood stream to a target cell. *A hormone’s target cells has receptors that other cells lack.

3. Hormones stimulate changes in the target cell 3. Hormones stimulate changes in the target cell. Fight or Flight Example: What cells would be targeted? Cardiac muscle cells What changes would take place? Increased heart rate to supply more oxygen to muscles.

4. Negative feedback system control when the endocrine gland should be inhibited or begin to secrete again. Fight or Flight Example: Heart rate decreases Watch this animation

What hormone is released when you are thirsty? Antidiuretic What are the target cells? Kidneys (and blood vessels). What changes take place in the target cells? Kidneys reabsorb (retain) more water. (Blood vessels constrict.) This is an example of ( negative / positive )feedback.

Let’s Compare (use the word bank) Neurons/Glia Epithelial Neurotransmitter Hormone Receptors on Postsynaptic neuron Receptors on Target Cell milliseconds Seconds to hours Seconds to days milliseconds

Understanding with pictures Word Bank Epithelial Hormone Neuron Neurotransmitter Postsynaptic Target

Homework