Aim: How are Carbohydrates important to living things?

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Presentation transcript:

Aim: How are Carbohydrates important to living things?

Carbon is the main ingredient of organic molecules Carbon has only 4 electrons in its valence energy level. Because this energy level can hold 8 electrons, carbon can form up to 4 bonds. C

What organic compounds are essential to living things? Proteins Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Lipids

A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules. Carbohydrates A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugar molecules.

What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate? The basic chemical formula is CH2O Sugar contains C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio 6 1) How many Carbons? 2) How many Hydrogens? 3) How many Oxygens? 12 6 C6H12O6

What are monosaccharides? The building blocks of carbohydrates (simple sugar) Galactose Glucose These molecules only differ in how their atoms are arranged.

Why is glucose so important in living things? Glucose is the main fuel for cellular work

What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it? Storage Our body will incorporate glucose into larger carbohydrates (starch) for later use.

What are Disaccharides? Sucrose is formed from 2 monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) It is called a disaccharide Double Sugar

What are Polysaccharides? Are long chains of monosaccharides

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, & Cellulose Starch- Amylose: plant starch (energy storage) Pectins: plant starch (energy storage) Glycogen- Our bodies store excess glucose as glycogen for long term energy storage. (animal starch) Not easily used. Stored in muscle and liver Cellulose- component of plant cell walls, indigestible by most organisms, acts as human dietary fiber.

Why are Carbohydrates important organic compounds? Used for: energy (glucose) energy storage (starch/glycogen) cell structure (cellulose)

Regents Questions A monosaccharide is a… Lipid Nucleic acid Protein carbohydrate The main function of glucose is…. Function as an enzyme Assist proteins synthesis As a source of energy

Review Questions Three examples of polysaccharides? Starch (Made by plants) Cellulose (Made by plants) Glycogen (made by animals) Name on function for each of these examples of polysaccharides? Energy storage in Plants (source of food) Cell wall material Energy Storage in Animals