Bellringer: 9/2 and 9/6 1. Pick up the papers on the desks at the front of the room. 2. Put your notes on your desk so I can check them as your first HW grade of the quarter. 2. Update your Table of Contents (ToC): Page 4: Notes – Prehistory & the Paleolithic Era Page 5: Worksheet: What Makes Us Human? 3. Write down your HW: Read/take notes on pages 5-8 in your Duiker textbook; study for your Maps & Time quiz NEXT CLASS

AGENDA: 9/2 and 9/6 1. Bellringer 2. Notes: Prehistory + The Paleolithic Era 3. Video/Discussion: What Makes Us Human? 4. Kahoot Review: Maps & Time

Development of Human Civilization through The Neolithic Revolution

Evolution of Human History Paleolithic 2 Million BCE Old Stone Age Ice Age Hunter-Gatherers Stone Tools Prehistoric Neolithic 8,000 BCE New Stone Age Agriculture Societies Develop Complex Tools Development of Writing Complex Societies Metal Working Historic 3,000 BCE Historic

What is Prehistory? Before we can learn history, first we have to understand what prehistory is Prehistory: the period of time before people started writing things down Humans, and their ancestors, lived for hundreds of thousands of years before anything was written down. Basically, stuff happened before people wrote it down! So what happens after man learns to write? Man only learned to write 5,000 years ago! When stuff started to get written down, that's the start of recorded history

Who Studies History? What do historians do? Historians study, write, and teach about the past Learn about the past from artifacts Historians study/learn about history via artifacts = stuff made by man

Examples of Artifacts:

Examples of Artifacts:

Examples of artifacts include: Coin, art, tombstones, newspapers, written records Use artifacts to try to figure out why stuff happened

Beyond Historians: Anthropologists Anthropologists study people and societies they live in Some study how people live today, and some study how they lived in the past Anthropologists = study modern-day cultures

Beyond Historians: Archaeologists Archaeologists study culture and societies of people, only they study people no longer around Since they can't observe their subjects or interview them, archaeologists study the artifacts they've left behind Study these things to better understand how ancient people lived, and what they believed

A Brief Look At How We Got Here Human beings, mankind as we are today, are the product of millions of years of development

1. Hominids Humans, or Homo sapiens, are from a class of animals called Hominids Hominids: creatures that walk upright on two feet as their way of transportation There used to be many kinds of hominids on Earth, but now humans are the last and only

Hominids Up-Close: Australopithecus Australopithecus (“Lucy”) was the first hominid. The first hominid, or the first animal to walk on two-feet all the time, was Australopithecus Emerged in Eastern Africa (the Great Rift Valley) between 3 and 4 million years ago.

Lucy video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xT8Np0gI1dI

2. Homo habilis (or the “handy man”) Type of hominid that lived 2 million years ago “Handy Man” Made and used basic tools for cutting, scraping, and chopping materials From Eastern Africa

3. Homo erectus Lived 1.6 million years ago Walked fully upright Was able to use fire More advanced tools like the ax SPREADS OUT! To Africa, Asia, Europe

4. Neanderthal From 100,000 to 30,000 years ago. Found in Europe and Southwest Asia (country of Turkey today) Discovered in Germany near the Neander River Adaptable! Lived in cold climates, adapted with shelters and animal skins Physically large muscles and bones Buried their dead = religious? Vanished 30,000 years ago

5. Homo sapiens (“wise man”) First in East Africa 100,000 to 400,000 years ago Migrated from Africa to Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Australia, and the Americas. Cave Paintings Cro-Magnons = early form of Homo sapiens Homo sapiens sapiens = us today Lived alongside Neanderthals until Neanderthals mysteriously vanished 30,000 years ago Only remaining hominid on Earth

Path Out of Africa

Eras of Prehistory 1. Paleolithic Era or Old Stone Age (2 million B.C. To 10,000 B.C.) 2. Neolithic Era or New Stone Age (10,000 B.C. To 3,000 B.C.)

Era #1: Paleolithic Era / Old Stone Age Nomadic people Why? Migrating to hunt and gather food, water, and shelter Invented the first simple tools, including simple weapons Learned how to make and use fire Lived in clans (20-30 people) Developed oral language Created “Cave Art”

Era #1: Paleolithic Era / Old Stone Age Began to travel around the world Might be religious? 100,000 years ago began to bury their dead- sign of religion or a belief in the afterlife Many may have practiced animism- belief that spirits inhabit animals and objects

Bellringer: 9/7 and 9/8 TBD

AGENDA: 9/7 and 9/8 TBD

Era #2: Neolithic Era / New Stone Age People farm = Neolithic Era begins Means not nomadic anymore Man can stay in one place and build permanent villages Domesticate plants and animals (dogs, goats, horses, etc.) Used advanced tools Made pottery Developed weaving skills All this change is a revolution- Neolithic Revolution!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTgIDO1hLQ4