Classification of Living Things Six Kingdoms Classification of Living Things

Classification Arrangement in classes or groups to help scientists. Factors used to classify organisms They have similar structures They have similar behaviors They acquire energy the same way or eat the same things They have the same chemical make-up

Three Domains At the broadest level, all living things seem to be related by ancestry to one of the 3 major lineages, Domains Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

Three Domains Archaea (scientists believe they are the first cells) Simple single celled Prokaryotic Inhabit harsh environments Deep sea vents Sulfurous hot springs Waste water Salt lakes Produce flammable gases such as methane

Three Domains Bacteria Simple single-celled Prokaryotic Cell wall Cell membrane Reproduce by binary fission

Three Domains Eukarya Consists of eukaryotic organisms Some single celled some multicellular Large cells with a nucleus and organelles Includes plants animals, fungi and protists

Six Kingdoms of Living Things Archeabacteria (ancient bacteria) Eubacteria (true bacteria) Protists Fungi Plants Animals

Archaebacteria Cell Type Cell surface Body plan Nutrition Prokaryotic –lack a true nucleus and other organelles Cell surface cell wall lacks peptidoglycan, cell membrane has no fatty acids Body plan unicellular Nutrition sometimes heterotrophic, sometimes autotrophic/chemosynthesis

Archaebacteria Example – Halophilic bacteria Thermophilic bacteria

Eubacteria Cell type – Cell Surface Body Plan Nutrition prokaryotic cell wall contains peptidoglycan, cell membrane contains fatty acids Body Plan unicellular Nutrition heterotrophic, sometimes autotrophic by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Eubacteria Staphylococcus Examples E. coli Cyanobacteria

Protists Cell Type Cell Surface Body Plan Nutrition Eukaryotic – contain nucleus and organelles Cell Surface Cell wall made of cellulose, cell membrane contains fatty acids Body Plan Unicellular Rarely multicellular Nutrition Autotrophic – by photosynthesis Heterotrophic - phagocytosis

Protists Amoeba Example Paramecium Algae

Fungi Cell Type Cell Surface Body Plan Nutrition Eukaryotic – contain nucleus and organelles Cell Surface Cell wall contains chitin Cell membrane contains fatty acids Body Plan Unicellular multicellular Nutrition Heterotrophic – by digestive enzymes

Fungi Examples

Plants Cell Type Cell Surface Body Plan Nutrition Eukaryotic – contain nucleus and organelles Cell Surface Cell Wall contains cellulose Cell Membrane contains fatty acids Body Plan Multicellular Nutrition Autotrophic

Plants Examples Succulants Flowering plants Conifers Ferns Mosses

Animals Cell Type Cell Surface Body Plan Nutrition Eukaryotic – contain nucleus and organelles Cell Surface No Cell Wall Cell membrane contains fatty acids Body Plan Multicellular Nutrition Heterotrophic

Animals Examples Mammals Amphibians Arthropods Bony Fish Marsupials Reptiles Insects

Quiz An unknown organism has been found in a remote place on Earth. Scientists have found that the organism makes its own food, its cells have a nucleus and it is multicellular. To which Kingdom does this organism belong? An unknown unicellular organism was found growing on the side of a volcano. It smells really bad and glows a bright purple! Microbiologists have found that it eats sulfur for energy. Under the microscope, DNA was found but no true nucleus. To which Kingdom does this organism belong?