Introduction to Physical Science and Measurement

Branches of Physical Science Physics – Study of matter and energy and the interaction between motion and forces. Chemistry – study of the composition, structure, properties of matter and reactions.

Measurement and Equipment Length – Meter – m - meter stick Mass – Gram – g – Triple beam balance Volume – Liter – l – Graduated Cylinder Temperature – Celsius – C - Thermometer

Write the Symbols Centimeter - Kilogram - Millimeter - Milliliter -

Conversion using a Number Line EX: 73m = _____Km 21cm = ____mm milli m centi c deci d Hecto H Kilo K Deka D

Convert the following measurements 102dm = _____ Dm 0.7Km = ______ m 36.7 Hm = ____dm 17mm = _______ m 102cm = _______ m

Scientific Notation Used for writing very large and very small numbers easier EX: 32 x 103 = 32,000 32 x 10 -3 = .032 If the exponent is POSITIVE move the decimal RIGHT and if it is NEGATIVE move the decimal LEFT.

Scientific Notation Examples 45,000 = 62 =

Temperature Use Celsius or Kelvin for Temperature Celsius – oC Kelvin – oK = oC +273 Boiling Point of water is 100oF and the freezing point is 00F. What is the boiling and freezing point of water is Celsius and Kelvin?

Types of Graphs Data Tables – comparing two sets of data Line Graphs – showing a continuous change between variables Bar Graphs – used to compare a set of measurements Circle Graphs –Shows how part relates to a whole

Scientific Method Observation – information gathered through your senses Question / Problem – what you are trying to determine Hypothesis – educated guess (what will happen)

Scientific Method Cont. Experiment – used to test your hypothesis Independent variable – what changes in the experiment Dependent Variable – what is being measured (a number) Control – what stays the same

Scientific Method Cont. Data Analysis – gather and graph your data Draw conclusion – Based on your data was your hypothesis right or wrong and why.

Designing the Experiment Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will “cure” the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich, however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties.