5 Themes of Geography Geography is the study of the earth and how living and non-living things interact with it.

5 Themes of Geography Movement – This explains how people, things and ideas get from one place to another. Regions – These are places with similar physical and human characteristics that distinguish an area. Example: English or Spanish; hot or cold; mountains or plains. Location – This is the point on the Earth’s surface where you can find a place. Interaction – This explains how humans depend on, adapt to, or modify their environment in order to live there. Place – The physical and human characteristics of somewhere and how it changes Absolute – Deals with using latitude and Longitude Relative – Deals with where someplace is in relation to someplace else. Example: Texas is South of Oklahoma

Migrate: to move from one place to another to settle Movement People, goods, ideas, animals, and plants move from one place to another. Migrate: to move from one place to another to settle

Movement Emigrate When people emigrate they bring with them To move away from an area When people emigrate they bring with them customs ideas food culture religions

Movement Immigrate To move to an area

Reasons for moving: Movement Push Factors—problems that push you away from an area. Example: poverty, overcrowding, lack of jobs, schools, prejudice, war, natural disasters (New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina) Pull Factors—advantages that pull you toward an area. Examples: higher standard of living, employment, freedom, etc.

Movement Past examples of Barriers: Natural barriers-mountain ranges, canyons, rivers etc. can make migration difficult. Present examples of Barriers: Modern forms of transportation have made it easier for people to move.

explaining the reasons Write a short essay 5-8 sentences explaining the reasons why someone would move

Region A group of places that have physical features or human characteristics in common. Geographers use regions to understand the differences and similarities among places on Earth. Examples-languages, religions, similar cultures, etc.

Region Natural region has its own unique combination of plant life, animal life, and climate. Natural Regions: High mountains, arctic, tundra, cool grasslands, deserts, tropical rainforest, tropical grasslands, Mediterranean, temperate forests, cool forests

Allows you to find a place anywhere on earth. 2 types of location Absolute Relative

Location Absolute: exact spot on Earth where a place can be found. Uses latitude and longitude lines. Everywhere on earth has a “Global Position” that is made up of latitude and longitude coordinates.

Location How to Find Absolute Location First, find the lines of latitude that extend east – west across the map 60°N A Then look for the measurements. Latitude is usually found on the right and left side of maps.

Location How to Find Absolute Location If a point is not directly on a line, then estimate to the closest whole degree. 50°N F Example F is not directly on the line. What is its latitude?

Location How to Find Absolute Location Next, find longitude. They are the lines that extend north – south on the map. Then look for the measurements. Longitude is usually found on the top and bottom of maps. C 60°W

Location How to Find Absolute Location Last, put latitude and longitude together. 60°E The coordinates of D is 60°S latitude, 60°E longitude. 60°S D

Relative: describes a place by its relation to other places. Location Relative: describes a place by its relation to other places. Example: Canada is north of the United States.

Use your desk maps to find the following location. Location Absolute Relative Sao Paulo, Brazil 23°S, 47°W Use your desk maps to find the following location. On the southeast coast of Brazil, east of the Brazilian Highlands. Now find the absolute and relative locations of the places listed at the bottom of your notes.

Human Environment Interaction Occurs because humans depend on, adapt to, & modify the world around them. People and the environment continually interact!

Human Environment Interaction People depend on their environment for items such as food and clothing. Some places are the way they are because people have modified them. Ex: clearing land for farming

Human Environment Interaction Humans have adapted their way of life to the natural resources around them. Ex: live near oceans, learned to fish or build your home from local materials or wear clothes according to environment

Human Environment Interaction Changes by humans may hurt or help the environment. Ex: Pollution hurts the environment Ex: use public transportation=less pollution=healthier environment

Human Environment Interaction The environment can also hurt people Ex: hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados.

Place The first thing people want to know about a place is what is it like? Every place has a distinct group of physical features, such as climate, landforms, bodies of water and plant and animal life

Place Place can also have human characteristics or features that human beings have created such as cities and town governments and cultural traditions.

Place Three examples of how places can change: Rivers, forests, wetlands, glaciers and oceans continue to change Some changes are dramatic caused by erupting volcanoes, earthquakes and hurricanes Some changes are slow such as movement of glaciers or formation of deltas