VERB PATTERNS IN ENGLISH THE INFINITIVE THE GERUND ICI

VERB PATTERNS IN ENGLISH THE INFINITIVE THE GERUND PATTERNS VERB + TO INFINITIVE VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO VERB + INFINITIVE or GERUND VERB + GERUND I want to go to the cinema. I want her to go to the cinema. She makes me cry. I love skating. WITHOUT CHANGE OF MEANING WITH CHANGE I regret telling you that secret. to tell you I won’t help you  It started to rain. = raining. ICI

VERB PATTERNS IN ENGLISH THE INFINITIVE PATTERNS VERB + TO INFINITIVE VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE VERB + OBJECT + INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO VERB + TO INFINITIVE or GERUND She made me cry. I want to go to the cinema. I want her to go to the cinema. WITH CHANGE OF MEANING WITHOUT CHANGE OF MEANING I started to cry. She stopped to smoke. She stopped smoking. =  I started crying. ICI

VERB + TO INFINITIVE TO DO AGREE DECIDE HOPE FORGET LEARN PROMISE PLAN They decided to divide the profits equally. AGREE DECIDE I promise to wait. HOPE FORGET He forgot to leave the car keys on the table. LEARN PROMISE TO DO PLAN We would like to visit Japan in 2006. REFUSE WANT WOULD LIKE She learnt to drive a car. WOULD PREFER She agreed to come with us. WOULD HATE WOULD LOVE They want to go to the football match. ICI

VERB + OBJECT + TO INFINITIVE They allowed us to go to the party. ALLOW Mary ASK HELP We want the students to visit the new museum. NEED her INVITE She told me to go there. ORDER us REMIND TO DO TELL We would like you to come with us. WANT the students WOULD LIKE WOULD PREFER I ordered Mary to wait. WOULD HATE Peter & John WOULD LOVE He asked us to leave by half past seven. ICI

VERB + OBJECT + (TO) INFINITIVE HELP We helped Mary dust the living-room. Mary her She makes me cry. us LET DO the students She doesn’t let me go to the cinema. Peter & John MAKE ICI

VERB PATTERNS IN ENGLISH THE GERUND PATTERNS VERB + GERUND or TO INFINITIVE VERB + GERUND WITH CHANGE OF MEANING WITHOUT CHANGE OF MEANING I started crying. = I started to cry. I love singing. She stopped smoking. She stopped to smoke.  ICI

VERB + GERUND DOING ADORE * CAN’T STAND CARRY ON DON’T MIND ENJOY We like driving cars. ADORE * She loves ice-skating. CAN’T STAND They hated studying English. CARRY ON DON’T MIND ENJOY FINISH I can’t stand listening to hip-hop. DOING GIVE UP GO ON We are looking forward to meeting Paul. HATE * KEEP ON LIKE * They kept on interrupting us. LOOK FORWARD TO LOVE * They gave up smoking last week. PREFER * ICI * These verbs can also take the TO INFINITIVE, but with a slight difference in meaning. - With the GERUND, they show a general activity: I like cooking. - With the TO INFINITIVE, they show a specific activity: I like to cook paella on Sundays.

VERB + TO INFINITIVE or GERUND (WITH CHANGE OF MEANING) REMEMBER I remembered to post the letter.  I remembered posting the letter. = I reminded myself to post the letter. = I have a memory now of a past action: posting the letter. I stopped to smoke.  I stopped smoking. STOP = I didn’t go on in order to have a cigarette. = I gave up the habit. I tried to sleep.  TRY I tried counting sheep. = I wanted to sleep but it was difficult. = It was a possible way of getting to sleep. REGRET I regret to inform you that we cannot offer you the job.  I regret telling him that secret. = I know that you will be unhappy when I tell you. = I told him; now I realise that it was a bad idea. GO ON I went on to talk about the exams.  I went on talking for two hours. = I changed subjects. = I continued doing the same thing. ICI

VERB + TO INFINITIVE or GERUND (WITHOUT CHANGE OF MEANING) BEGIN She began to read the book. = She began reading the book. We’ll continue to study hard. = We’ll continue studying hard. CONTINUE I started to cook the meal. I started cooking the meal. START = ICI

Before you leave, have a look at this video about gerunds. It’s interesting. Click on the icon, please. And some web pages to get some practice. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/infinitive-gerund http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/index.htm http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/gerinf1.htm ICI

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