Human Anatomy and Body Systems

Levels of Organization Remember, the human body is organized in several levels, from the simplest to the most complex. . . Cells – the basic unit of life Tissues– clusters of cells performing a similar function Organs– made of tissues that perform one specific function Organ Systems – groups of organs that perform a specific purpose in the human body ***The purpose of the 11 organ systems is for the human body to maintain homeostasis.

The 11 Human Body Systems The Body Systems work together to maintain homeostasis and carry out the tasks we need to survive: The 11 human body systems are as follows: -- nervous system -- integumentary system -- respiratory system -- digestive system -- excretory system -- skeletal system -- muscular system -- circulatory system -- endocrine system -- reproductive system -- lymphatic (immune) system

Integumentary System Skin is the major organ - Largest organ of the body - approx. 10-11lbs in adults Functions: 1.) A mechanical, chemical and biological barrier + protects the internal environment + protects against fluid and protein loss 2. ) Thermoregulation + control of internal temperature 3.) Sensations + Receptors for touch, temp., pain + Waste elimination + Produces vitamin D

The Skeletal System Purpose: to provide structure and support to the human body– each bone is an organ--- 206 bones Joints and cartilage also complete the system. Functions: Support the body Protect the organs Muscle attachment sites Levers for movement Blood cell formation Mineral storage

The Muscular System Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human body– each muscle is an organ– over 600 muscles– attaches to bone Amazing Medical Stories - Season 3, Episode 3 Functions: Contract and relax to cause movement Stabilize body position Generate heat

The Nervous System Purpose: produces electrical messages for communication within the body – one of the most complex yet smallest systems of the body-- Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special sense organs. Functions: Uses receptors to monitor internal and external environment Interprets stimuli Responds to stimuli This in turn regulates bodily activities Special senses: taste, smell, sight, hearing, touch

Diagram of a Nerve Cell

Break Time! Skin Hair Ligaments Blood Cell Formation Tendons Protection Brain Thermoregulation Joints

Break Time! Spinal Cord Support Blood Cell Formation Sudoriferous Glands Contract & Relax Neuron Heat Generation

The Endocrine System Purpose: to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones Major Organs -- hypothalamus -- pituitary gland -- thyroid -- parathyroid -- adrenal glands -- pancreas -- testes -- ovaries

The Cardiovascular System Purpose: to deliver oxygenated blood to the various cells and organ systems in your body so they can undergo cellular respiration Composed of: Heart Pump Blood- the cells that flow through the circulatory system Blood vessels: Arteries- flow away from heart Veins- flow toward heart Capillaries-flow between arteries and veins

The Cardiovascular System Functions: Supplies cells with nutrients and oxygen Removes waste products Regulates pH balance Regulates water volume Regulates temperature Defends against disease Mends damaged muscles 

Quick Overview The heart is a 4 chambered pump. Left side- pumps blood through arteries to capillaries. At the capillaries- nutrient rich blood is released into the tissues. Also at the capillaries- the blood receives waste. Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart thru veins. Right side- pumps blood to the lungs to rid waste and get oxygen In the course of 1 minute all the blood in the body circulates thru the heart!!

Image of the Circulatory System

The Lymphatic/Immune System Purpose: to remove infectious diseases and other pathogens from the human body Major Organs: spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, lymph, tonsils Functions: Return blood supply fluids and proteins Transports lipids Houses lymphocytes that defend the body

The Respiratory System Purpose: to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen for cellular respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide Major Organs: Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, Alveoli, diaphragm Functions: Brings air in Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide Regulates pH Produces sound, by use of vocal cords when air passes over ***A healthy adult breathes in and out 12-15 times each minute, exchanging a total of 6 liters of gas per minute!***

Image of the Respiratory System

The Digestive System Purpose: Breaks down foods into simple molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body Major Organs: Mouth Liver Esophagus Gallbladder Stomach Small Intestine Pancreas Large Intestine ***food that is eaten is not considered “in” the body until it is digested and absorbed by the digestive tract***

The Digestive System

How many of each organ are there? The Excretory System Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts Major Organs and Their Functions Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Functions Filters blood Eliminates waste Regulates composition of blood Maintains pH Maintains mineral homeostasis Produces urine Regulates RBC production How many of each organ are there? ***Daily 180 liters of water are removed from the blood and 178-179 are returned to the blood, producing 1-2 liters of urine***

The Excretory System

The Reproductive System Female vs. Male Explain the differences Male: Testes Epididymis Vas deferens Penis Female: Uterus Fallopian tubes Ovaries vagina Which does which? Male vs. Female: Produces eggs Nourishes an embryo Produces sperm Delivers a baby Stores sperm Produces Hormones Watches and is relieved its not them!

The Reproductive System

What did you learn today???? Nothing  Body Systems!! What did you learn today???? A lot  Yo mama stinks

Break Time! 600+ Breaks Down Food Vas Deferens Alveoli Largest Organ Atrium filters blood & eliminates urine

Break Time! Hormones Bronchus White Blood Cells Bone Cell Formation Pain receptors -oma Cerebrum Thermoregulation

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