Integration between Drug Therapy (especially for psychotics

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Integration between Drug Therapy (especially for psychotics التكامل بين استعمال العقاقير والعلاج النفسى (خاصة للذهانيـين فى العلاج الجمعى) Integration between Drug Therapy and Psychotherapy (especially for psychotics in Group Therapy)

الأهرام فى 18 مارس 2003 هل سيظل موقف الطبيب قبل الحرب مثله بعد الحرب ؟ هل سيظل يسمع كلام شركات الأدوية أكثر مما يسمع كلام مرضاه؟ هل سيظل يتابع الأحدث فالأحدث فى تخصصه حول موائدالمؤتمرا ت والأوبن بوفيه فى شرم الشيخ أو العين السخنة دون مدرجات الجامعات ومراكز الأبحاث ؟

الأهرام فى 18 مارس 2003 إذا لم يتغير موقف هذا الطبيب بهذه الحرب لصالح نفسه, وبلده, ومرضاه , والناس, فلا فائدة من أى شىْ إن لم يتغير كل منا جذريا فى موقعه فى اتجاه ما ينفعه وينفع بنى جنسه, فهومشارك فىمسئولية ما سوف يجرى من دموع, ويهدر من ثروات, ويهان من كرامات , ويراق من دماء

General Principals and Basic considerations There is no psychiatry without using drugs (or considering using them) There is no psychiatric practice without psychotherapy (even if the practitioner denies it) . There is no single drug with a definite mode of action. There is definite facts about the effectiveness of most drugs. Effects should be weighed before side-effects are considered.

الأسس العامة (الافتراضات الأساسية) الأسس العامة (الافتراضات الأساسية) لا يوجد طب نفسى دون استعمال (أو وضع الاعتبار لاستعمال) عقاقير لا يوجد طب نفسى يخلو من ممارسة العلاج النفسى (ولو على مستوى اللاشعور- أى ولو أنكر ذلك الممارس نفسه) لا توجـد حقيقة نهائية ثابتة لطريقة عمل أى عقار أيا كان (كلها فروض محتملة) توجد حقائق هامة لفاعلية معظم العقاقير الفاعلية لا بد أن تسبق ما يسمى الأعراض الجانبية

Cultural Considerations (I) Drugs should be handled within the context of a therapeutic plan. Therapeutic interactions are as important as drug interactions”. Timing of giving , diminishing or withdrawing a drug is as essential as adjustment of dosage. The latent period for most drug action is much less than claimed in the published literature. (could this be culturally related ? Perhaps !!. Monitoring of response should be essentially clinical (not blood level or lab monitoring unless absolutely indicated).

Cultural Considerations (Cont.II) 6. Drugs are mis-nomered when labeled after their part chemical action or reaction e.g MAOI or SSRI. 7. Misnaming is a faulty reductionistic process. It is both wrong and misleading. 8. Unless absolutely indicated, oral root permits continuous dialogue between the drug and the patient. 9. Non compliance is a bad sign in principle, but it could be a good sign to reconsider dosage or duration. 10. Drugs, per se, seem to be much less specific than claimed in the literature. 11. Drugs are absolutely specific when considered in the very unique plan of therapy for each patient.

13. Individual personal evaluation of each case is the rule. Cultural Considerations (Cont. III) 12. The specificity is more related to the timing and other details of the therapeutic plan per individual case. 13. Individual personal evaluation of each case is the rule. 14. Claimed algorithm is both non-scientific and non ethical 15. Most research people gather numbers and play statistics, more than they see patients or practice clinical work and close follow up.

اعتبارات ثقافية (1) لا بد أن تعطى العقاقير ضمن خطة علاجية متكاملة لا بد أن يوضع فى الاعتبار التفاعل البينـ -علاجات مثل وأهم من : التفاعل البين ـ عقاقير توقيت إعطاء العقار له حساباته الإكلينيكية مثله مثل الجرعة وأهم إن فترة الكمون لعمل معظم العقاقير هى أقصر من المكتوب عادة فى الأدبيات إن محكات الاستجابة لعقار ما لا بد أن تكون إكليينكية فى المقام الأول (لا مبرر لاستعمال محكات معملية ما لم يكن هناك داعٍ أقصى)

اعتبارات ثقافية (2) 6. تسمية العقاقير باسم كيميائى جزئى هوتضليل جاهل 7. إنها عملية اختزالية مغرضة : لا تنتمى إلى العلم ولا إلى الأخلاق 8. إن لم يكن هناك داع أقصى: فتناول العقاقير بالفم يسمح بحوار بين المريض والعقار! 9. إن عدم الامتثال لتعاءى العقاقير هو أمر سيئ, لكنه يمكن أن يكون فرصة لإعادةالنظر فى الجرعة أو المدة, أو غير ذلك 10. يبدو أن العقاقير أقل تخصيصا من الزعم المنشور فى الأدبيات 11. فى نفس الوقت : إن أى عقار هو بالغ التخصص إذا ما وضع فى الاعتبار توقيت إعطائه, وضبط جرعته, ومتابعة استجابته لكل مريض على حدة.

اعتبارات ثقافية (3) 12. إن خصوصية أى عقار ترتبط بتوقيت إعطائه وبقية التفاصيل الخاصة بكل الخطةالعلاجية. 13. إن القاعدة هى : إننا نحتاج إلى تقييم كل حالة على حدة طول الوقت, ومراجعة ذلك أثناء التتبع طول الوقت إنالخوارزميةالمزعومة لا هى علمية, ولا هى أخلاقية إن أغلب المشتغلين بما يسمى البحث العلمى يتقنون اللعب بالأرقام والتلاعب باإحصاء , أكثر من شحذهم حسهم الإكلينكي, أو القيام بمتابعة لصيقة أمينة لحالات بذاتها

Basic Assumptions of the Hypothesis The brain is organized phylogenetically and ontogenetically in some evolutionary order. The organization is not only anatomical but also chemical and informational (culturally related). The brain is composed of about 100 billion neurons. A neuron is connected to about 10,000 synaptic junction. How these neural events create the flow of energy and information?

Energy & Information The mind is a processor of energy & information Energy is contained within the activation of neuronal circuits. Information is contained within the patterns of activation (=neural net profile= mental representation) The nervous system can function as a parallel and serial process of information. Information-processing events can be seen as : contrasting, comparing, generalizing, chunking, clustering, differentiating and extracting processes leading to complex mental representations.

States of Mind … the state of activation of the various parts of the system can cluster into repeated patterns called states” “… In the brain a state of mind or mental state describes the way in which the various neuronal groups become activated a\t a given time.” A neuronal net profile (= repeated pattern of neuronal group activation) can become reinforced if they occur frequently or if the value system of the brain ingrains their profile” … Comp 2000 7th edition “

Consciousness and mental schemata (Cont.) Mental schemata are special highly structured organizations which are stimulated (reactivated) according to special stimuli or situations (which may + correspond to Ego state) The brain’s neuronal groups compete and differentiate and create an ongoing living system perpetually evolving.

الدفاعات العادية وتسمى الصحة الموقف الاكتئابى حيرة العلاقة بالأخر ثنائية الوجدان ambivalence Normal Defenses + Health الدفاعات العادية وتسمى الصحة (لا مانع !!!!) Neurotic ( + stability Depressive position الموقف البارنوى الكر والـفر Fight flight Paranoid Position Schizoid Position الموقف الشيزيدى اللاموضوع : فى الرحم No object مراحل النمو Stages of development

الإبداع : تناغم كل المستويات وتبادلها Creative Health Synthesis العادية (وفرط العادية )= الاغتراب اليومى : دفاع ضد كل من المرض والإبداع معا Normal Defenses Alienation الدفاعات العصابية : دفاع ضد الاكتئاب Neuroses (against psychic pain) الفصام : التهديد الأساسى الاكتئاب دفاع ضد البارانويا الإبداع : تناغم كل المستويات وتبادلها Creative Health Synthesis Depression :against Paranoia البارانويا: دفاع ضد الفصام Paranoid :against Schizophrenia Schizophrenia

الإبداع : تناغم كل المستويات وتبادلها Creative Health Synthesis Normal Defenses Alienation Minor tranquilizers & Mild anti- depressants Neuroses (against psychic pain) Anti depressants الإبداع : تناغم كل المستويات وتبادلها Creative Health Synthesis Depression :D. against Paranoia Moderate neuroleptics Paranoid :against Paranoia Potent Neuroleptis Schizophrenia

(العادية المغتربة غالبا) الاكتئاب الألم النفسى : دفاعات أقل Neurosis (normal + alienation). الغطاء العصابى (العادية المغتربة غالبا) Depression Psychic pain : less defensive الاكتئاب الألم النفسى : دفاعات أقل Paranoid state & symptoms حالات وأعراض بارانوية Schizophrenia الفصام مراحل تراجع (فشل) الدفاعات بالتالى لتعرية مستوى يعلن المرض تلوالمرض Stages of subsequent failure of defenses uncovering latent organizations to declare a disorder after antoher

Some shifts due to certain drugs Depression with neuroleptics (could not only be explained as retardation or by some neurotransmitter hypotheses) Paranoid symptoms with anti-depressant (old observation getting less frequent) To a lesser extent : manic symptoms with anti-depressants (quite expected)

Outcome of certain syndromes Major example : Third shift of schizophrenia (Old Soviet approach: sixities) Atypical depression (ICD 10) Paranoid states Personality disorders OCD Hypochondriasis, Anorexia …etc (All such shifts almost disappeared with enduring used of neuroleptics)