1. Disorder Treatment Psychotherapies “Talk Therapies”
Biomedical Therapies

2. Electrical Stimulation
Biomedical Treatment
Surgery
Drugs
Electrical Stimulation

3. Biomedical Treatments
Double-blind technique has shown many medical treatments to be effective
Often used in combo with talk therapies
Challenge: blood-brain barrier
Currently, psychiatrists or other MD’s prescribe meds

4. Psychosurgery Lobotomies
1930s – 1950s
Currently: Psychosurgeries almost never performed (thanks to drugs)
Sometimes used to reduce seizures; to treat OCD
Much more precise; not as drastic

5. Electrical Stimulation
Biomedical Treatment
Surgery
Drugs
Electrical Stimulation

6. Neuroleptics: Antipsychotic Drugs Finding correct dosage difficult, but these help many live more normal lives
Haldol (Haloperidol) & Thorazine (Chlorpromazine)
“Old” antipsychotics
No longer first choice for treatment; side effects very serious
Dopamine antagonists; reduce positive symptoms
Risperdal (Risperidone) & Clozaril (Clozapine)
“New” antipsychotics
Impact dopamine (antagonist) & other neurotransmitters
May reduce positive and negative symptoms

7. Drugs and Hospitalization

8. Emptying of Mental Hospitals

9. Side Effects of Neuroleptics
Dryness of mouth, involuntary jerking movements
Weight gain, sexual side effects
Long term side effect: tardive dyskinesia
Uncontrollable repetitive movements (e.g. facial tics)

10. Antidepressants SSRI’s – Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Prozac (fluoxetine)
Zoloft
Paxil

11. Prozac, Paxil Zoloft
Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.

12. Mood Stabilizers Lithium – stabilizes bipolar symptoms
Very effective (7/10 benefit from long-term use)
Mechanism not well understood

13. Anxiolytics: Antianxiety Drugs (also “tranquilizers”)
Benzodiazepines
Xanax, Valium, Librium
Depress central nervous system (CNS) activity (like alcohol…so don’t mix!), produces calming effect
May lead to dependence & withdrawal unpleasant
Criticism: does not solve underlying problem…

14. Electrical Stimulation
Biomedical Treatment
Surgery
Drugs
Electrical Stimulation

15. Electrical Stimulation
rTMS
ECT – Electroconvulsive Therapy
Treatment of last resort for depression
80% of patients improve w/in 2 weeks
Side effect: temp. memory loss
rTMS - repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
VNS – Vagus Nerve Stimulation
DBS – Deep Brain Stimulation (used for OCD)
DBS
VNS