Ch. 16 12 Notes-Summary Terms to Define page 393 Daily Quiz 16.1, 16.2, 16.3 (Onenote) Profiles in History Class Notes Objective Review

Explain the various ways religions impact societies. bellwork Explain the various ways religions impact societies. 5 minutes

The British

Flow Chart Notes Create a flow chart to show the steps in a sequence of events. Today you will be learning about the English Glorious Revolution. We will break up this event into four distinct time periods and take notes to show the steps that led to a revolution in England. Your flow chart will have information and simple drawings showing the stages of the Glorious Revolution.

Section One The Tudors and Stuarts

Mary Tudor Henry VIII’s daughter with Catherine of Aragon. After her half brother’s reign, Edward VI, she took the throne. She was the first reigning queen of England. Her goal was to make England Catholic again. She married Phillip II of Spain- a leader of the Counter-Reformation. She killed over 300 people in attempts to rid the country of people who would not conform to the laws of the Catholic Church.

The Tudors and Stuarts Mary Tudor

Elizabeth I Once Mary died, Elizabeth I (Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn's daughter- Mary’s half sister), took the throne. She fought to strengthen Protestantism. She never married, and had no children- PROBLEM – no heir!!!!! Mary Stuart (“Queen of Scots”) was the heir but she was a Catholic. More fighting between Catholic and Protestant sects leads to Mary being executed and Elizabeth fighting the Spanish.

Elizabeth’s’ Problems King Phillip of Spain sent his Armada to attack the British- they lost. Religious fighting between Catholics, Protestants and Puritans. Hard to work with the Parliament- questioned her policies and urged her to marry.

The Tudors and Stuarts Mary Tudor Elizabeth Tudor

Iames I Mary Stuart (“Queen of Scots”) was his mother. A member of the Stuart family and the first king of England and Scotland. King James Bible- English translation. Some Puritans fled to the New World on the Mayflower. Fought with Parliament (Puritan dominated) over taxes and foreign policy.

The Tudors and Stuarts Mary Tudor Elizabeth Tudor James Stuart

King Charles I Son of James I- believed in the divine right of the king. Parliament would not give him funds so he imprisoned members. He signed the Petition of Right 1. He could not imprison subjects without due cause. 2. He would not levy taxes without Parliament's consent. 3. He would not house soldiers in private homes. 4. He would not impose martial law in peacetime.

The Tudors and Stuarts Mary Tudor Elizabeth Tudor James Stuart Charles Stuart

Section Two English Civil War

Oliver Cromwell In England, Cromwell and the Puritans sought to reform society. They made laws that promoted Puritan agenda, including promoting morality and abolishing any activities deemed sinful. I did hint to you my thoughts about the reformation of manners; and those abuses that are in this nation through disorder… should be much in your hearts… I am confident our liberty and prosperity depends upon-reformation. To make it a shame to see men to be bold in sin and profaneness – and God will bless you.

The English Civil War Irish Catholics began a bloody civil war against the English. Parliament needed to raise an army but they did not trust Charles to lead it Cromwell creates a constitution and was named lord protector after his death England pressed for a return of monarchial rule with Charles II. Fighting Begins- Cavaliers vs Roundheads. The Roundheads were able to defeat the king’s military Charles is executed; Parliament is dissolved- and a commonwealth is created under Oliver Cromwell

Section Three Restoration

The Restoration After Cromwell’s death, Parliament voted to restore the monarchy and Charles’s son, Charles was selected the next king. Charles II restored the theater, sports and dancing which had been banned under the puritans. During his reign Parliament passed habeas corpus. Charles II did not have a legitimate heir, so his brother James II became king. Protestants were angered by James because he was a Catholic and after he had a male heir, many feared a line of Catholic monarchs. Mary, James’ eldest daughter and wife of William of Orange, was convinced, for the sake of Protestantism, to overthrow her father.

Restoration Charles II became king. He had no children and fears over possible successors led to the development of the Whig and Tory political group. Whigs did not support Catholic leadership. Tories wanted an Anglican leader but supported a Catholic one as well. James I took the throne- he angered both groups. He had two protestant daughters and later a Catholic son, English Protestants feared a whole line of Catholic monarchs.

Section Four Glorious Revolution

William and Mary English Bill of Rights= Under their leadership, England was no longer an absolute monarchy, but a constitutional monarchy where laws limited the ruler’s powers. English Bill of Rights= No suspending of Parliament’s laws No levying taxes without Parliament’s consent No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances After 1688, no British monarch could rule without the consent of the Parliament and Parliament could not rule without consent of the monarch.

Glorious Revolution James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were chosen as successors. James could not win support and was fearful of being executed so he fled to France. William and Mary served as joint rulers of England in a peaceful coup. The Whigs and Tories wanted James to abdicate the throne.