Ch. 8.2: Creating the Constitution
Call for a Convention: Sept. 1786- delegates from 5 states met in Annapolis, Maryland to discuss ways to promote interstate trade. They believed that creating national trade laws would help economy, but required amending the Articles. Congress did not have power to regulate trade among the states.
Constitutional Convention 55 delegates (all white males) become known as “Founding Fathers” May 25, 1787- Convention opens Washington selected as President of Convention Kept discussions a secret James Madison kept record of the drama and details.
Constitutional Convention: Goal of Constitutional Convention was to fix Articles of Confederation.
Constitutional Convention: Almost immediately delegates decide to create new govt. instead
Constitutional Convention: tried to obtain balance in the Constitution between rights of the individual and the power of the government
The Virginia Plan 3 branches: Legislative (Made laws) Executive (Enforced laws) Judiciary (Interpreted laws) 2 Houses/ representatives from each state was based on population and wealth Upper house and Lower House
Supporters of Virginia Plan: large states greater representation in legislature than small states
The New Jersey Plan: 3 branches of government legislative branch with only 1 house Each state would have 1 representative in legislature no matter its size, population, or wealth
Support for the New Jersey Plan: Smaller states felt the Virginia Plan was unfair to them wanted equal votes
The Great Compromise Created 2 houses, known as Congress: Senate: same number of representatives from each state House of Representatives: representatives based on state population
The 3/5th Compromise Most slaves lived in Southern states South wanted slaves counted toward population for representation in House of Representatives but not for tax issues Northerners wanted slaves counted for taxes-not representation 3/5ths Compromise stated 3/5ths of slave population counted when setting tax rates and for representation in H.O.R.
Constitution Constitution signed on Sept. 17, 1787 and sent to states to approve 3 of the 42 present did not sign- George Mason, Edmund Randolph, and Elbridge Gerry