Learning Objectives I can compare photographs with other types of remote sensing images. I can describe the uses & importance of the global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information systems (GIS). I can identify land features by interpreting images of Earth’s surface. I can identify changes in land features over time by analyzing satellite images.

Ohio New Learning Standards for Science Ohio 8th Grade, Earth and Space Science #3 (8.ESS.3) – A combination of constructive and destructive geologic processes formed Earth’s surface. Ohio 8th Grade, Scientific Inquiry and Application #3 (8.SIA.3) – Use appropriate mathematics, tools and techniques to gather data and information. Ohio 8th Grade, Scientific Inquiry and Application #4 (8.SIA.4) – Analyze and interpret data.

Lesson Opener This photo shows rounded mountains divided by a valley. * larger portion of Earth’s surface shown * smaller region shown * more 3D details * less 3D details * overhead view * more side view * bright colors * realistic colors to become aware of information-gathering

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What are some images of Earth produced by remote sensing? - remote sensing is the process of gathering and analyzing information about an object without physical contact with the object - remote sensing images are used to study natural disasters, topography, weather patterns, climate change, glacial movement, and vegetation

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface - remote sensing images can use all the frequencies on the electromagnetic spectrum to observe our planet

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface Earth from space using infrared Earth from space using x-ray Complete #5, pg.142

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface A way of finding out about something without actually touching or being near the object. - most aerial photographs of Earth are taken from airplanes, helicopters, drones, and hot air balloons - some aerial photographs are taken using sensitive infrared sensors, to show things our eyes cannot see

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface This aerial image of Egypt is a color-infrared image of a town (the river is black & the vegetation is red).

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface - satellite images are also another way of showing Earth using remote sensing - satellites orbit over 200 miles above Earth, so the images they can take provide more detailed images of larger objects - satellites equipped with radar can even gather data using radio waves Complete #6-7, pg.143

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface hundreds to thousands Aerial images are taken from the Earth’s atmosphere, while satellite images are taken from space.

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface This satellite image from the International Space Station (ISS), 225 miles above Earth, shows the Nile River Delta flowing into the Mediterranean Sea.

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What is GPS? - the global positioning system is a network of satellites orbiting Earth - GPS devices can measure height above sea level, absolute location, speed of movement, & direction

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What is GIS? - the geographic information system is a program used to view and make images and maps - GIS has been used to make all the layers on the Google Earth platform! Complete #9, pg. 145

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface A river, trees, and dirt. In the topographic map, you can tell that there are hills to the left and right of the river. The geysers occur in spots with little or no vegetation.

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What factors are considered when interpreting images of Earth? - aerial and satellite images have allowed scientists to study Earth’s land features and natural processes in new ways - remote sensing images allow scientists to study large scale land features that cannot be studied on the ground Complete #10, pg. 146

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface By allowing the study of large-scale features and processes. - the level of detail depends on the height the image was taken (aerial or satellite?) and the type of technology utilized to take the image - laser sensors in LiDAR (“light detection & ranging”) can even show the shape of the ground underneath vegetation

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface - even the viewing angle or sunlight can affect the landforms on an image! - the angle between the ground and the camera also affects the appearance of distance between land features Complete #11, pg. 147

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface Viewing it from an angle also shows you the elevation changes on the surface. You wouldn’t see this looking straight down.

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What land features can remote sensing show? - remote sensing allows us to see entire river systems, glaciers, large erosional features, and large depositional features - remote sensing also allows scientists to understand how land features interact with water systems! Complete #13-14, pgs. 148-149

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface snow-capped mountains, valleys, steep ridges, waterfront, beach, cliffs, mountain sides with vegetation

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface canyon cliffs alluvial fan

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface What types of changes can remote sensing show? - remote sensing allows us to see changes in the landscape as well - we can see changes in volcanoes, landslides, glacial movement, and weather changes Complete #16 & 17, pgs. 150-151

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface B

Unit 2, Lesson 4 – Images of Earth’s Surface Scientists could make measurements to determine the dimensions of the region that was affected by the landslide. This could then be used to make a “high-risk” zone to help protect people

Visual Summary

Landforms or topography underneath vegetation! Exit Question What can LiDAR be used to show? Landforms or topography underneath vegetation!