1. Chapter 3 Notes
Section 1-3

2. While You Read Mercator Projection
Strengths: shows whole world on one map, shows true directions as straight lines;
Weaknesses: distorts areas near poles

3. Longitude Lines |
Latitude Lines |

4. 2. Gnomonic Projection:
Strengths: accurately shows shortest distance between two points; shows polar regions well;
Weaknesses: distorts land mass shapes away from center; shows only part of the Earth

5. Gnomonic
Gnomonic
Stereographic
Orthographic

7. Polyconic Projection
Strengths: landforms have true size and shape relation to each other; shows middle latitudes well.
Weaknesses: distorts areas at poles; shows only part of Earth

8. Polyconic

9. Globe
Strengths: most accurate representation of our three-dimensional planet;
Weaknesses: difficult to transport

11. After You Read Explain the importance of map scales and orientation.
Map scales allow you to determine real distances and relationships of the features on the map.
Orientation tells you direction, without which you cannot relate a map to the real places it depicts.

12. 3.2 Mapmaking and Technology While You Read
Plane-table surveying: draw map from highest point, using sighting device and visual observation.
2. Photos from airplanes: draw map by copying contours of land from aerial photos.

13. 3.2 While You Read
Radar: use radio signals to create images regardless of weather.
Satellite imaging: use sensors to make images from light waves
5. GPS: combine computer and satellite technology to locate people or places anywhere on Earth

14. 3.2 After You Read
Explain how weather might affect the mapmaking technologies discussed in this lesson.
Weather could cause visibility problems for plane-table surveys and airplane photography. Weather has little effect on satellite and GPS technologies

15. 3.3 Topographic Maps After You Read
Topographic map: map that shows the altitude of land
Uses: city planning, road engineering, resource search, outdoor recreation
Symbols: color and shape indicate natural and human-made features
Contour lines: connect points of the same elevation
Slope: distance between contour lines shows slope of the land.

18. Additional Questions
What device detects and records data from Earth’s surface?
In what form does the data travel?
What happens to the data once it is recorded?

19. Additional Questions 4. What does GIS and GPS stand for?
5. What are some uses for GPS?
6. Why would a hiker find topographic maps useful?

20. Answers A scanner on a satellite. As electromagnetic waves
Computers convert the data to code, then to pixels, and finally to usable images.

21. Answers 4. GPS – Global Positioning System
GIS – Global Information Systems
5. Locate people and vehicles when they are lost, help someone find a route to a destination, and investigate scientific phenomena such as ocean currents, or help law enforcement create a database of deer/car collisions.

22. Answers
6. Hikers can use topographic maps to find their way relative to land features, avoid bodies of water and too-steep trails, and estimate how far they have to travel.