English 11 – December 10, 2015 Do Now: Take out your marble notebooks. On the next blank sheet of paper, copy down the following sentences: I got an incomplete because I forgot my homework. While I was cooking dinner, the smoke detector went off. Nicole, my younger sister, has blonde hair. Underline the independent clause in each sentence. Circle the dependent clause in each sentence. Come up with your own definition for independent clause and dependent clause. Consider the sentences you just worked with and the meaning of the words “independent” and “dependent.”

Independent Clause An independent clause can stand alone. It can be considered a complete sentence. An independent clause contains: a subject a predicate [action] expresses a complete thought Examples: John runs. Sally made lunch. Mark raised his hand.

Dependent Clause A dependent clause can not stand alone. It is considered to be a fragment or an incomplete thought. A dependent clause can be incomplete because of: a transition word [because, although, since, while, etc.] a conjunction [for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so] Examples: while I was away but it was raining who likes to read

Adjectives & Participles Adjectives describes or further identifies a noun or pronoun. Examples: the fluffy dog the enthusiastic child the gigantic truck A participles is a form of a verb that describes a noun or verb. Participles act similarly to an adjective or adverb. Examples: the crying baby the crouching tiger the boiled water

Prepositional Phrases Prepositions describe the relationship between other words in a sentence. Examples: above, around, behind, below, between, in, inside, near, on, outside, through, toward, under, within Some periodic sentences start with prepositional phrases. Examples: Below the window, beautiful flowers grew. Outside of the house, the boys played basketball.

Participial Phrases Participial phrases are used like adjective phrases. They modify a noun or pronoun. Examples: Eaten by mosquitoes, they wished they were in a nice hotel room instead of a tent. Walking on the beach, Marilyn found a beautiful seashell. Eating the pizza, I was already thinking about what to order for desert.

Infinitive Phrases An infinitive will always begin with to, followed by the simplest form of the verb. Examples: to sleep, to crawl, to sit, to help Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. Infinitive are not verbs because you cannot add tense [-s, -es, -ed] to the ending. Examples: To feel the cold air, I stood in front of the air conditioner. To make dinner on time, you must get home early from work.