Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart?

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please complete your pre-rankings in your packet.

Geography Skills: Complete pages 1, 2, & 3 in packet.

Preview/Introduction What do you think the "house" in Lincoln's statement represents? What might be dividing this “house”? What do you think Lincoln meant by this statement? The “house” in Lincoln’s warning was the Union. The issue dividing the “house” was slavery. “A house divided against itself cannot stand.” --Abe Lincoln

Preview/Introduction Lincoln issued this warning to the nation three years before the start of the Civil War. His words reveals the tensions that developed between the North and the South throughout the 1800s. The “house” in Lincoln’s warning was the Union. The issue dividing the “house” was slavery.

Chapter 21 Key Terms Union Missouri Compromise Fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott Decision Lincoln-Douglass Debates

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please review your pre-rankings in your packet.

21.1: Read & answer the questions: What was the troubling question the nation tried to avoid? Why could this question no longer be ignored? Why were new problems created when the nation attempted to compromise on this question? 1. Could a nation born in freedom endure half-slave & half-free? 2. Slavery began to expand into new territories. 3. Each compromise created more divisions an problems and slavery was a moral issue and not just a political issue.

The United States, 1819 11 How many slave states? How many free states? Why would the Missouri’s statehood cause a problem? How would You solve this problem? 11

Missouri Compromise of 1820: What has changed? Maine=Free State 36-30=Slavery banned N or this line. Missouri=Slave State

21.2: Label your map to show how the Northwest Ordinance regulated slavery. Trial by jury. Public education. Freedom of religion. Banned slavery.

21.2Arguments of Missouri’s Statehood Congress does not have the right to decide if slavery should be allowed in a new state. The people of that state should decide. The ban against slavery should extend across the Mississippi River. Missouri should not be a slave state because it is N of the Ohio River and the NW Ordinace. William Smith South Carolina Senator De Witt Clinton New York Senator

New York House of Representatives. 21.2: Why was it important to Southerners to keep an equal number of senator from free states and slave states in Congress? Mention the Tallmadge Amendment in your answer. Southerners were outnumbered in the House of Representatives. The S wanted to keep some power in the Senate and having an = number of states assured equality in the Senate. Southerners did not want the Tallmadge Amendment because it would have made Missouri a free state. Thus, the N would also control the Senate. They did not have enough votes to stop it in the House, but they did in the Senate—thus it did not pass. James Tallmadge: New York House of Representatives.

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please complete your ranking for goal #1. Preview goal #2.

21.3: What were the three decisions in the Missouri Compromise? 1. Missouri became a slave state. 2. Maine became a free state. 3. Congress drew an imaginary line across the Louisiana Territory and declared slavery to be banned north of the line and allowed south of it. The 36-30 line.

Missouri Compromise Line 36-30 Do you think this will be a permanent solution? Why/Why not?

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please complete your ranking for goal #2. Preview goal #3.

21.3: John Quincy Adam’s Diary I have decided to support the Missouri Compromise because I believe it is the best solution we can create under the Constitution. I am not willing to endanger the Union and possibly cause it to split. However, if the Union does split, slavery will be the cause. For now, the controversy is at rest.

21. 4: What was J. Q. Adams 1839 antislavery proposal 21.4: What was J.Q. Adams 1839 antislavery proposal? What was the gag rule, and how did it affect his proposal? Adams proposed a constitutional amendment stating that no one could be born into slavery after 1845. The gag rule kept Congress from debating slavery for ten years, so Congress refused to consider his proposal.

21.4: How did the fugitive slave issue and the Wilmot Proviso pull the nation apart? Fugitive slave issue: Northerners often helped runaway slaves to freedom. This angered Southerners, who regarded these Northerners as thieves. Martha Coffin Wright Harriet Tubman: A.K.A.: “Black Moses”

21.4: How did the fugitive slave issue and the Wilmot Proviso pull the nation apart? Wilmot Proviso: When President Polk asked for funding for the Mexican-American War, Representative Wilmot put a provision in the bill stating that if we gained any land from Mexico, slavery could never be allowed there. Southerners opposed this provision. James Polk: A big believer in Manifest Destiny. Congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania

21.4: Why did Northerners in Congress accept California’s application for statehood while Southerners rejected it? Northerners in Congress accepted California’s application for statehood and Southerners rejected it because California had applied as a free state.

21.5: List four details of Henry Clay’s plan to end the deadlock over the issue of California statehood. California would be admitted as a free state. New Mexico and Utah would be territories open to slavery. The slave trade would end in Washington D.C., but slave owners could keep their slaves. A strong fugitive slave law would be passed.

21.5: Write a new sentence to correct the errors in this sentence: Northerners and Southerners easily accepted the terms of the Compromise of 1850 and put their suspicions to rest once it had been passed. It took nine months of argument to pass the Compromise of 1850, and many Southerners were still wary of it. *Northerners ignored the strong fugitive slave law. *Slavery in D.C. remained a cause of dispute w/ Northerners.

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please complete your ranking for goal #3. Preview goal #4.

21.6: Fugitive Slave Act Two Key Details How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart Captured runaway slaves had almost no legal rights. Anyone caught helping runaway slaves could be jailed. Many Northerners openly defied the law, which angered Southerners.

21.6: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Two Key Details How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart 1. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote this novel after having a vision about the abuses of slavery. 2. It was first published in a newspaper and later as a novel. The book made millions of people in the North even more angry about slavery.

Uncle Tom’s Cabin/Harriet Beecher Stowe Video

21.6: Kansas-Nebraska Act Two Key Details How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart 1. Southerners in Congress agreed to support the bill only if a few changes were made to it. 2. The act abolished the Missouri Compromise and allowed the settlers to decide whether to allow slavery. Northerners were outraged and feared more territory would be open to slavery. Both N and S flooded Kansas to win the vote. This resulted in extreme violence.

21.6: Raid on Lawrence, Kansas Two Key Details How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart 1. Pro- and antislavery settlers poured into Kansas to protect their interests in the new territory. 2. Proslavery settlers raided and attacked the city of Lawrence, the headquarters of the antislavery movement in Kansas. Northerners raised money to send more antislavery settlers into the region. BLEEDING KANSAS.

Kansas-Nebraska Act Video

21.6: Beating of Senator Sumner Two Key Details How the Event Pulled the Nation Apart 1. Senator Charles Sumner protested the violence in Kansas in a speech criticizing prominent proslavery leaders. 2. A nephew of one of the men (Brooks) Sumner criticized beat him into unconsciousness w/ a cane. Southerners applauded the attack while Northerners were outraged.

21.7: Why did Dred Scott argue that he should be freed from slavery? Dred Scott’s owner had taken him to Wisconsin, a free state. Scott argued that his stay in a state where slavery was outlawed made him free.

21.7: Choose and explain the two most important decisions that came out of the Supreme Court’s Dred Scott Decision. Slaves were not citizens. No African American, slave or free, could become a citizen. The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Banning slavery in a territory was the same as taking property from slaveholders. Congress had a constitutional responsibility to protect the property of slaveholders in territories.

21.7 #3: This verdict is outrageous and immoral! I will not obey it! 21.7 #3: The question of slavery is finally settled, and in our favor. No one—especially not Congress—can take our property without just cause! This verdict is outrageous and immoral! I will not obey it! William Lloyd Garrison: Abolitionist Leader & Publisher of The Liberator. John C. Calhoun: South Carolina. Senator and VP of United States.

Dred Scott Video

21.8. #1 The debates made Abraham Lincoln famous nationwide. 21.8. #1 The debates made Abraham Lincoln famous nationwide. It brought the moral issue of slavery into sharp focus.

Lincoln vs. Douglas Debate Video

John Brown wanted to arm slaves and begin a rebellion to end slavery. 21.8 #2: Why did John Brown attempt to seize the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia? John Brown wanted to arm slaves and begin a rebellion to end slavery.

Harper's Ferry Video

Chapter 21: A Dividing Nation EQ : Which events of the mid-1800s kept the nation together and which events pulled it apart? Learning Goals: Why was ‘Confronting the Issue of Slavery’ so important for the state of Missouri? How did the Missouri Compromise confront the issue of slavery and why did it fail? Why was the Compromise of 1850 accepted and what caused it to fail? How did the Dred Scott Decision divide the North and the South? What political debates and extremist actions caused our country to go from Compromise to Crisis? 6. How did the Election of 1860 lead to Secession? Key Terms: Union Missouri Compromise fugitive Wilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott decision Lincoln-Douglas debates Please complete your ranking for goal #5. Preview goal #6.

21.9 #1: The Charleston Mercury Headline November 8th, “Lincoln Wins! South Is Powerless!”

21.9 #2: What happened in the South on each of these dates? December 20, 1860: South Carolina seceded from the Union. February, 1861: Seven states have seceded from the Confederate States of America.

21.9: #3: What did Lincoln state about secession in his inaugural address on March 4, 1861? What was his appeal to the rebellious Southern states? Lincoln stated that secession is wrong and unconstitutional. He appealed to the rebellious Southern states to return in peace.

21.9 #4 New York Tribune Headline April 14, 1861 “Rebels Attack Fort Sumter! War Will Restore the Union!”

Fort Sumter Animated Battle Map How many people were killed in the Battle at Fort Sumter?

Video Summary of Events Leading to Civil War