1. Write an ID for Abolition

2. Chapter 9
A Dividing Nation

3. Vocab Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Kansas Nebraska Act
Dred Scott Decision
Election of 1860

4. In the mid-1800s, the United States was deeply divided over slavery
In the mid-1800s, the United States was deeply divided over slavery. By 1860, a series of events had widened this gulf to the breaking point. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president that year triggered a secession crisis that led to the Civil War.

5. Sectional Differences
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
North of the Ohio river = no slaves
Didn’t solve the problem
Missouri Compromise
By 1819, States balanced at 11 each
Missouri wanted admission as a slave state
What kind problems would that have started?
Congress deadlocked
1820, Maine wanted into the union as a free state
Balance
Missouri entered as slave, Maine as free
Added a line dividing free and slave states

7. Sectional Differences
The MC broke deadlock, but no one was pleased
Future of slavery?
I have favoured the missouri compromise, believing it to be all that could be accomplished under the present constitution, and from extreme unwillingness to put the union at risk… if the union must be dissolved, slavery is precisely the question on which it ought to break. For the present however, the contest is laid asleep. - John Quincy Adams, 1820

8. Sectional Difference Two ways of life: The North and the South
Sectionalism - Strong attachment to regional interests
North = Urban
Migration from farm to city
24% pop. growth from
Immigration from Ireland and Germany
Factories, mills, workshops
Transportation by railways
South = Rural
Farms and plantations
Less people
Agricultural economy
1 in 4 owned slaves
But without slavery, southern economy would collapse

10. Slavery: An Ongoing Debate
Northern moderates thought slavery was fine where it was, but no more
Abolitionists wanted end of slavery everywhere
Helped slaves to escape
Underground railroad
Southern moderates thought slavery was necessary evil
Slaves were property, property rights
Wilmot Proviso
Slavery outlawed in any new territory acquired
Passed in house, not senate
California
Popular sovereignty - slavery on base of people living in territory

11. Slavery: An Ongoing Debate
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay’s plan
California admitted as free, new mexico and utah as slave, ended slave trade in D.C., but allowed existing slave owners to keep
Fugitive slave law - required return of escaped slaves
Pleased everyone, but not for long
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Cruelties of slavery
Controversial
Angered southerners and northerners
Increased the hostility of Northerners towards the south

12. Slavery: An Ongoing Debate
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854, opened the land of Kansas and Nebraska to slavery based on popular sovereignty.
Great plains, north if missouri compromise line
Bleeding kansas
Blood shed in the name of pro and anti-slavery
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Start at 2:10
Read page 112 in HA!

13. Compromise to Crisis Dred Scott A slave that sues for his freedom
Living in free territory = free people
Dred Scott Decision
1865, slaves not included in the wording of the constitution
NOT free
South was thrilled, North were stunned
Led to John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, an armed uprising to free slaves

14. Compromise to Crisis Election of 1860 Succession
Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas - popular soveriegnty
Southern Democrat John C. Breckendridge - slavery everywhere
Constitutional Unionist John Bell - avoided slavery
Republican Abraham Lincoln - condemned slavery
Lincoln won due to:
Division amongst democrats
Antislavery support
Succession
states wanted to leave the union due to lincoln’s victory
Why?

16. Lincoln’s Attempts to Preserve the Union
Supported southern slavery
Supported fugitive slave law
NO expansion of slavery into the western territories
Would not compromise
Efforts had little effect
7 states seceded
Called themselves the Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis as President