SATELLITE FOR UNIVERSAL BROADBAND CTO ICT Forum PATRICK MASAMBU ITSO Director General

PRESENTATION TOPICS Importance of Satellite in Universal Broadband Role of Mobile Networks in Connectivity Role of Satellite in 2G/3G/4G LTE High Throughput Satellites for Mobile Networks Hybrid Solutions 5G: Future Generation of Mobile Networks Satellite and the Deployment of 5G Satellites and IoT Regulatory Considerations Financial Considerations Conclusion

IMPORTANCE OF SATELLITE IN UNIVERSAL BROADBAND Satellites have specific attributes that make them key technologies in achieving universal broadband and connecting the unconnected SATELLITES ARE POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT SYSTEMS By not ending at a single, specific point, they can reach all geographic targets within a given area THE ONLY BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY THAT PROVIDES FULL COVERAGE Satellites provide coverage in metropolitan as well as in rural or most remote areas. AROUND THE GLOBE Satellite operators have put in place infrastructure that already covers the whole world, COST EFFECTIVENESS The cost of services is independent from distance or number of subscribers. At ITSO, one of the core principles provided for in our intergovernmental treaty is the requirement to ensure global coverage and connectivity through the use of satellite communications.

ROLE OF MOBILE NETWORKS IN CONNECTIVITY Mobility is one of the cornerstones of our society where the provision of coverage, quality, and speed to run applications at any time or place is of utmost importance. Conventional technologies are unable to provide broadband access to large mobile populations within underserved countries and regions. Three generations of networks (2G,3G, and 4G LTE) currently in use around the globe, and the table is being set for another generation, 5G, to play a significant role after large scale trials and deployment in 2019. Mobile Broadband subscriptions expected to grow at a fast rate.4G connections is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 85 percent up to 2020. By then, 2G will still represent over a fifth of all connections. By 2022, the number of smartphone subscriptions is forecasted to reach 6.8 billion; almost all of these will be for mobile broadband.

PRESENTATION TOPICS Importance of Satellite in Universal Broadband Role of Mobile Networks in Connectivity Role of Satellite in 2G/3G/4G LTE High Throughput Satellites for Mobile Networks Hybrid Solutions 5G: Future Generation of Mobile Networks Satellite and the Deployment of 5G Satellites and IoT Regulatory Considerations Financial Considerations Conclusion

ROLE OF SATELLITE IN 2G | 3G | 4G LTE Hybrid mobile-satellite solutions have been used to address the digital divide, the most common approach is to leverage satellite technology for mobile networks through satellite backhaul. Satellite backhaul refers to the use of satellite links to connect remote cell towers to the core network. With the introduction of low-cost, small-cell technology, hybrid satellite wireless delivery will become increasingly effective for bridging the digital gap in locations with low population densities. In many instances, it is more cost effective to leverage satellites as a middle-mile solution to interconnect cellular base station sites in remote, rural, or hard-to-reach underserved areas, or areas not served at all by terrestrial technologies. Source: ITSO Conventional FSS satellites have had challenges in providing backhaul for 3G and 4G LTE networks because of the high volume of data. Moving forward, the situation has tremendously changed with the new generation of satellites.

HIGH THROUGHPUT SATELLITES FOR MOBILE NETWORKS High Throughput Satellites (HTS), are capable and already available for satellite backhaul for 3G and 4G LTE networks. Attributes of HTS include: Cost effective in rural and remote areas where it is often too costly to provide 3G and 4G The pencil beams carry high-powered signals and are electrically isolated from each other The same allocated frequency bands can be used multiple times without causing interference HTS carry antennas that generate steerable pencil beams Examples include the Intelsat EpicNG system, the Inmarsat I-5 (Global Xpress) system, Eutelsat’s E 65 WA, E 117 WB and E 172 B and SES-12, SES-14, and SES-15.

HYBRID SOLUTIONS One example of a hybrid solution is the joint managed service solution by Intelsat S.A. and Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. It will provide 3G infrastructure in the most remote locations around the globe, where terrestrial services are not feasible. Mobile Reach Solar 3G, the newest addition to the IntelsatOne portfolio of managed and terrestrial services, is an end-to-end managed solution for mobile network operators (MNOs). The solution will use the Intelsat high- throughput satellite (HTS) platform, with Gilat’s VSAT system for small cell and cellular backhaul. Source: Intelsat Another example is through Eutelsat’s KA-SAT satellite. Sevis Systems have a flexible platform for backhaul on the KA-SAT satellite which delivers end-to-end backhaul bandwidth to MNOs.

PRESENTATION TOPICS Importance of Satellite in Universal Broadband Role of Mobile Networks in Connectivity Role of Satellite in 2G/3G/4G LTE High Throughput Satellites for Mobile Networks Hybrid Solutions 5G: Future Generation of Mobile Networks Satellite and the Deployment of 5G Satellites and IoT Regulatory Considerations Financial Considerations Conclusion

5G | FUTURE GENERATION OF MOBILE NETWORKS 5G is the next generation of broadband networks: 5G is expected to be a unified ecosystem of even faster data speeds and more conducive to IoT and other machine to machine (M2M) technologies. The industry has taken major steps to progress network evolution, including the approval of the Non-Standalone 5G New Radio (NR) that will enable early 5G deployments. By 2022, it is anticipated that there will be more than half a billion 5G subscriptions, with a population coverage of 15 percent.

SATELLITES AND THE DEPLOYMENT OF 5G Satellites can provide the wide coverage to complement and extend the dense terrestrial cells. Satellites can provide larger cells in a heterogeneous arrangement which can also be used for critical and emergency services and relieve the terrestrial cells of signaling and management functions in a software defined network configuration. Satellites can support a resilient 5G network through mitigation of any problems of overload/congestion in terrestrial technologies. Satellites also have a major role in content caching near the edge, therefore bringing content closer to the user

SATELLITES AND IOT 5G will also play an important role in spurring the growth of Internet of Things: By 2022, it is forecasted that there will be 18 billion IoT connected devices such as cars, machines, meters, sensors, point-of-sales terminals, consumer electronics and wearables. Satellites can be a valuable resource in the union of 5G and IoT, because they can help connect 5G technologies to rural and remote assets, sensor technologies, transportation infrastructure and associated mediums (cars, planes, ships), as well as keeping applications such as mobile banking and healthcare initiatives running smoothly.

PRESENTATION TOPICS Importance of Satellite in Universal Broadband Role of Mobile Networks in Connectivity Role of Satellite in 2G/3G/4G LTE High Throughput Satellites for Mobile Networks Hybrid Solutions 5G: Future Generation of Mobile Networks Satellite and the Deployment of 5G Satellites and IoT Regulatory Considerations Financial Considerations Conclusion

REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS In order to harness the use of satellite technology to provide universal broadband, not only on its own but also as a hybrid solution with 2G, 3G, 4G LTE, and later 5G, we must set up an enabling regulatory environment. The following recommendations are based on the GSR-17 best practices: Adopting and leveraging national digital policies, strategies and plans which seek to ensure that broadband and IP technologies are available to as wide a community of users as possible. Adopting a flexible, transparent approach to promoting robust competition in the provision of network access and end‐user digital services. Designing flexible, incentive‐based and market‐oriented policy and regulatory frameworks with regard to allocation and assignment of spectrum, in particular for broadband services. Removing barriers to market entry at all levels and adopting incentives for open access and infrastructure sharing at the international and regional levels, with a view to reducing the cost of connectivity to submarine cables, regional fiber backbone and satellite infrastructure.

REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS Adopting innovative licensing regimes and incentivizing new business models for covering remote and rural areas that more effectively integrate the use of terrestrial, satellite, [mobile] and submarine telecommunication infrastructure. Requiring dominant incumbent providers to provide wholesale, unbiased access to its network for the purposes of interconnection and infrastructure sharing. Considering the efficiency of licensing and spectrum fees. Using holistic universal access and service strategies and financing mechanisms for both network expansion, connectivity for public institutions and the community as well as demand‐ stimulation measures, such as end‐user subsidies. Promoting the development of innovative new technologies [such as HTS] that enhance rural and remote coverage at lower cost.

FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS Regulators can come up with innovative financial considerations for funding satellite and hybrid satellite-mobile systems. Some examples include: Universal Service Funds Public-Private Partnerships International Institutions

CONCLUSION Satellites have very important role in bridging the digital divide and reaching universal broadband, not only as a fixed service but also in conjunction with mobile networks such as 2G, 3G, 4G LTE and eventually 5G. It is more cost effective to leverage satellites as a middle-mile solution to interconnect cellular base station sites in remote, rural, or hard-to-reach underserved areas, or areas not served at all by terrestrial technologies. With new technologies such as High Throughput Satellites, the uptake of 3G and 4G LTE networks will go along much more smoothly, especially in rural and remote areas, which are the most vulnerable in regards to a lack of connectivity. In order to test out these regulatory and financial considerations, countries could consider pilot programs or projects in underserved areas that can later be implemented on a national basis. Looking forward, keep the following questions in mind throughout the session Who are the key stakeholders in providing universal broadband access and what are the best ways that they can collaborate together? What resources are readily available to us to bridge the digital divide? What will the introduction of advanced digitalization technologies such as 5G and IoT mean for our common goal of providing universal and affordable broadband access?

THANK YOU Patrick Masambu ITSO Director General