New Planning Paradigm 18 April 2013

Outlines Recognition of the need for a new paradigm Integrated policy-making, planning and mobility management Towards better management of existing transportation features Integrated planning Moving from planning and policy to regeneration, repair and renewal.

Recognition of the Need for a New Paradigm The Buchanan Report and Its Critics Traffic in Towns, “The Buchanan Report”: a 1963 influential report on urban and transport planning policy produced by a team headed by Sir Colin Buchanan. The report warned of the potential damage caused by the motor car, while offering ways to mitigate it. It reflected conventional traffic planning with a greater emphasis on protecting town center.

Recognition of the Need for a New Paradigm The Buchanan Report and Its Critics In response to the Buchanan Report, Town against Traffic, by Stephen Plowden rejected the traffic engineer’s tenet that “all traffic demands should be met”. It characterized conventional transportation planning as “predict and provide”. This helped establish the basis for a new paradigm for ST. The amount of traffic is governed by what is regarded as a tolerable level of congestion.

Overview of the New Paradigm Integrated policy-making, planning and mobility management Policy integration concerns management of crossing-cutting issues in policy making that transcend the boundaries of established policy fields. It also includes management policy responsibility within a single organization or sector. Integrated policy making refers both to horizontal integration between policy sectors and vertical intergovernmental integration in policy-making or combination of both.

Towards Better Management of Existing Features The key is better management and maximization of the benefits of current transportation programs, services and infrastructure. The solution to a variety of problems: Road/parking congestion Increasing facility costs High accident rates Energy dependency Inadequate mobility for non-drivers Inefficient land use development Transportation Demand Management (TDM) MOBILITY MANAGEMENT

Towards Better Management of Existing Features Improving and Expanding Travel Options Mobility management involves improve performance, security, information, and user comfort for public transportation. It also supports trip reduction strategies such as telework, teleconferencing, and delivery services. Provide a wide rage of alternatives to help people avoid the need t use their own car.

Towards Better Management of Existing Features Incentives to Use Efficient Modes Road Pricing, congestion and distance-based fees. Transit passes Transit priority Worksite amenities Regulation and cash-out Fuel and vehicle de-subsidization Pay-as-you-drive insurance Driving and vehicle restriction

Towards Better Management of Existing Features Land-use Solutions to Transportation Problem Transit oriented development Parking management Reducing parking requirement Traffic calming Car-free planning Mix-use development and retrofit More residential options near major employment sources.

Towards Better Management of Existing Features Implementation Programs Commute trip reduction (CTR) School/campus transportation program Mobility management and individualized marketing Tourist transportation management Freight transportation management

Integrated Planning Integrated approach ST planning is able to address the following: Stressing accessibility over mobility Social equity is an important and realizable planning goal. Land-use strategies and impacts need to be addressed and accounted for in all planning process. Market and pricing distortions that fail to take into account the real cost of automobile use and benefits of transit system to non-users.

Integrated Planning Description of the New Paradigm of Integrated Planning Planning and policy factors Background factors Technical and infrastructure factors

Integrated Planning Circle 1: Planning and Policy Factors Critical events Policy-makers, integrated policy-making and policy adequacy Citizens and community leaders Careful analysis of problems, economic evaluation and impacts Scenario-building and evaluation of all options Vision of a preferred future: backcasting to inform planning Appropriate planning structure Deliberative planning Good data and effective evaluation Effective communication

Integrated Planning Circle 2: Background Factors History, heritage culture and values Geography, topology and climate Legal and political systems Social organization Exiting transport and land use system

Integrated Planning Circle 3: Technical and Infrastructure Factors Appropriate infrastructure and energy sources Availability of appropriate hardware Appropriate standards and measurements Orientation and skill sets of technical personnel Existing built environment Technical aspects of environmental impact assessment

Regeneration, Repair and Renewal In order to avoid further damage, three ways of moving from planning and policy to regeneration, repair and renewal include: RRR of the physical environment RRR of the social and cultural environment RRR of governance and decision-making institutions and economic assumptions

Regeneration, Repair and Renewal RRR of the physical environment Car-free zones Traffic calming and street/highway reductions Complete streets Freeway removal Restoration of environments destroyed or seriously damaged by auto-based transportation Rehabilitation of the visual environment Converting shopping malls to a more compact mixed-use TODs Redeveloping auto strip malls into “Main Street” Convert parking lots to parks, residences and mixed-use development

Regeneration, Repair and Renewal RRR of the social and cultural environment Active transportation and healthy communities by design Car-free movements Car-sharing Mending and renewing the social fabric and overcoming transportation inequities

Regeneration, Repair and Renewal RRR of governance and decision making institutions and economic assumptions Rescue municipalities City repair Transit camp Jane’s walk

Homework Compare a few of the differences between forecasting and the old “paradigm” of business as usual (BAU) with backcasting and the “new paradigm” of integrated planning, participation and policy-making