The Industrial Revolution: Trends & Connections California content standard 10.3 (E), (F), (G)

Review 10.3 (d) Factory System Caused New Problems Child Labor Unsafe Working Conditions Overpopulated Cities Environment Rich vs. Poor Created New Solutions Labor Laws Collective Bargaining (Unions) Growing Middle Class New Tax Revenue

Four Factors of Production Land – Natural Resources Coal, Water ways, Agriculture Imperialism Capital – Money to start the business. Strong Banking System Labor – Workers Displaced Farmers Increased Population Entrepreneurs – Risk Takers People with Ideas, Capital, and the guts to take the risk.

Capitalism Adam Smith Entrepreneurs are rewarded for risks Wealth of Nations – Economy will prosper without government interference Laissez-faire (let people do as they please) Market System Many Workers + Abundant Resources = Cheap Labor & Resources Few Workers + Scarce Resources = Expensive labor & Resources Entrepreneurs are rewarded for risks Competition breeds better products at lower costs. Anyone can become rich! Wealth of one built on the backs of many. Gap between rich and poor grows wider.

Labor Unions & Reform Laws Unions: Voluntary labor associations. Collective Bargaining: negotiations between workers and employers to better working conditions and increase pay. Strike: Refusing to work until changes are made (originally illegal).

Response to Capitalism. . Karl Marx – Wrote Communist Manifesto Socialism- the means of production (land, capital, raw materials and factories) should be owned and controlled by society. Communism- Believed there is a constant struggle between the “haves”(Bourgeoisie) and the “have-nots” (Proletariat). “Workingmen of all countries, unite.” Workers (proletariat) were the productive class. He wanted the people to own everything, no private property, no classes. The idea is that “from each according to his ability, to each according to his need.”

Comparing Two Systems… Capitalism Socialism Individual/Businesses own property Community or state owns property Progress = when individuals follow their own self-interest Progress = when a community cooperates for the good of all Businesses compete for consumer’s money by producing goods/services that are better and less expensive Capitalist employers take advantage of workers. Community must act to protect them Consumers compete to buy the best goods at lowest prices Unequal distribution of wealth and material goods is created; should be according to each person’s needs Government should NOT interfere in the economy Unequal distribution of wealth and materials is unfair; better to distribute based on need

Industrialism Effects Lead to: Abolition of Slavery Fight for Women’s Rights Immigration to other countries Public Education Prison Reform Increase in DEMOCRACY…

Suffrage: The Right to Vote Early 1800’s: Voting Limited to men who owned a substantial amount of land (5% of Population) Middle Class, Workers, and Women excluded. Wealthy middle class became more educated but had no representation in parliament. 1832 Reform Act Extended suffrage to wealthy middle class Increased voters to 18% Excludes Workers and Women. 1838 Chartist Movement

Suffrage: The Right to Vote People’s Charter of 1838 wanted: Suffrage for all men Annual Parliamentary elections Access to Parliament Secret Ballots End Land Requirements Parliament Rejects 1867 – Male Workers receive the right to vote 1884 – Male Rural Workers receive the right to vote Early 1900’s All Demands of Chartist Movement met: Yearly Elections Secret Ballot End of Property Requirements to serve in Parliament Pay for members of Parliament

Women’s Suffrage By 1890, several industrial countries had universal male suffrage. No country allowed women to vote . During the 1800s, women in both Great Britain and the United States worked to gain the right to vote. British women organized reform societies and protested unfair laws and customs. Many people, both men and women, thought that women suffrage was too radical a break with tradition. Some claimed that women lacked the ability to take part in politics. Emmeline Pankhurst formed the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) in 1903. The WSPU became the most militant organization for women’s rights. Though the woman suffrage movement gained attention between 1880 and 1914, its successes were gradual. Women did not gain the right to vote in national elections in Great Britain and the United States until after World War I.

Social Movements Social Darwinism Romanticism Natural Selection & Survival of the Fittest applied to Human Society. Non-European societies were "primitive" in an early stage of development towards the European ideal. Was an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement. Characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature.