1. Industrial Revolution
What do you remember to date?

2. Industrial Revolution
Poor Living Conditions
No sanitation
Lack of good housing
High rate of disease
Highly polluted cities
Bad Working Conditions
Child Labor
Long Work Hours
Poor Conditions in Factories

3. Philosophy of Adam Smith
Believed in Laissez-Faire (Let Be) Economy
Companies should seek the most profit
Companies should not be charitable
What is good for companies is good for everyone
Competition should not be limited
Government should not interfere in business

4. Invisible Hand Invisible Hand Invisible Hand Benefits Everyone
An invisible force in our economy that guides the most efficient use of resources and benefits everyone the most
Invisible Hand Benefits Everyone
People are selfish
They will manufacture to get money
More manufacturing, more goods
More goods, more competition
More competition, lower prices
More production, lower prices---- more people have jobs and can buy things

5. Role of Government Government should do as little as possible
“Laissez-Faire”=Let be (do not disturb)
Government should NOT
Determine prices
Control supply
Limit Competition
Put duties/tariffs on products (a tax on goods bought from another country)

6. Role of Government Government should
Protect its citizens (police)
Build roads, canals, ports
BUT, GOVERNMENT SHOULD KEEP HANDS OFF THE ECONOMY!!

7. Philosophy of Thomas Malthus
Grim view of future of mankind
Population growth> food supply growth
Starvation would always result
Supply of workers>Demand
Unemployment, poverty always
Government should not aid poor
Birth rate should be controlled

8. View of David Ricardo Also grim view of workers’ conditions
Said that workers would never earn more than the minimum necessary to survive
Population growth will always keep wages low

9. Utopianism
Utopia: An ideal community owned by people who lived and worked there.
Robert Owen/Charles Fourier: Utopian thinkers
Owen began Utopian community in Scotland and Indiana.
Community of 1,600 people with good living conditions and freer working conditions

10. Dystopia Dystopia is a world that has gone to ‘hell in a handbasket’
Rampant hunger, disease, lack of ability to rise in social class
Why is dystopian theory so popular in today’s world?

11. Philosophy of Karl Marx
Believed that capitalism had to be replaced by new system of Government
Capitalism: Private ownership of the means of production
Saw history as exploitation (abuse) by the wealthy over the poor
Haves: Those who control means of production
Have-nots: Those who work but get no rewards

12. Philosophy of Karl Marx
Class struggle
Bourgeoisie: Capitalists who own means of production VS.
Proletariat: Wage-earning laborers
Those who own means of production control the Government and the laws
They make laws benefiting the Bourgeoisie
“Those who have the gold make the rules”

13. Philosophy of Karl Marx
Class Struggle results in working class revolution
Working class keeps growing as more people become poor
Workers revolt and take control of means of production (factories)
Workers would take control of Government

14. Philosophy of Karl Marx
The results of the workers’ revolutions:
Socialism: Public ownership of the means of production (No more capitalists)
Communism: All goods and services shared according to each’s needs (No more Government)

15. Interview with Karl Marx
In pairs, write a interview of Karl Marx with at least 7 questions and 7 responses.
Refer to notes and p
Imagine that you are conducting the interview in 1848 for the London Times newspaper.
The interview should use some or all of the following terms: Capitalism, Socialism, Communism, Bourgeosie, Proletariat, Class Struggle.

16. Example of Interview with Karl Marx
Q: As you look in the streets today, it seems that the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Do you think this will improve soon?
A: No. In fact, I think that the situation will get worse before it gets better. You see, the unemployment of the proletariat will grow and the middle class will disappear. We will only be left with the rich bourgeoisie and the impoverished proletariat.

17. “A Final Look at Marx”
Answer the following questions with complete sentences:
1) What is the major difference between capitalism and socialism?
2) What is the major difference between bourgeoisie and proletariat?
3)What is class struggle?
4) In Marx’s view, how would class struggle end?

18. Reforms in Britain during the Industrial Revolution
Why did the Government agree to reforms (changes)?
1) Growth of middle class
2) Bourgeoisie scared of Revolution
Political Reforms
Chartist Movement: Wanted full male sufferage (right to vote), secret ballot, end to property requirements to serve in Parliament
1867: Vote to working class men given
Religious Freedom: Gave opportunity in Government to Catholics, Jews and others

19. Economic/Social Reforms
Factory Reforms
Factory Act of 1833
Limited Child Labor
Reduced number of hours of work
Organized Labor
Labor Unions Began
Labor Union: Organizations formed to represent workers’ interests

20. Violent Responses to Ind. Revolution Problem
Luddites: Gang of masked workers who smashed factory machinery
Upset about replacement of handicraft workers by machines
Blamed Bourgeoisie/Capitalists for problems
Wanted return to “old system,” including old prices of products