Topic: Internal Migrations Aim: Why do people migrate within a country or region? Do Now: Why do some students attempt to move from Regents to A.P. classes? List all the reasons.

Review Chapter 3 Vocab: Mobility Migration Circular migration Immigrant vs. Emigrant Types of Push/Pull factors Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration Voluntary vs. Forced Migration (with examples) Refugee, IDP, Asylum Seeker Net-In/Net-Out Migration (which world regions have which type?) International, Interregional, Intraregional migration U.S. migration patterns (3 major waves) Waves of European migration to U.S. in 19th/20th centuries

Review: Internal Migration- permanent move within the same country Interregional: movement from one region to another. i.e. rural to urban. Intraregional: movement within a region. i.e. central city to a newer suburban center International Migration- Voluntary international migration could be motivated by perceived economic or quality of life improvement. Forced international migration is motivated by political or environmental factors. Internal Migration- Interregional – movement from one region to another. i.e. rural to urban. Intraregional- movement within a region. i.e. central city to a newer suburban center. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Where Do People Migrate within a Country? Interregional Migration Perceived economic betterment typically compels individuals to make interregional migrations. Historically- enticement of abundant available land on the American Frontier. Presently- most jobs, especially in services, are clustered in urban areas. Westward expansion contributed to a shift in the center of population. “Center of population gravity” Center of population gravity refers to the country’s center of population, as calculated by the U.S. Census Bureau. Conceptually, if the United States were a flat plane placed on top of a pin, and each individual weighed the same, the population center would be the point where the population distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the pin. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

CHANGING CENTER OF U.S. POPULATION The population center is the average location of everyone in the country, the “center of population gravity.” If the United States were a flat plane placed on top of a pin, and each individual weighed the same, the population center would be the point where the population distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the head of a pin. FIGURE 3-9 CHANGING CENTER OF U.S. POPULATION The population center is the average location of everyone in the country, the “center of population gravity.” If the United States were a flat plane placed on top of a pin, and each individual weighed the same, the population center would be the point where the population distribution causes the flat plane to balance on the head of a pin. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

RECENT INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES Figures show average annual migration (in thousands) in 1995 (top) and 2010 (bottom). FIGURE 3-10 RECENT INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES Figures show average annual migration (in thousands) in 1995 (top) and 2010 (bottom). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration Between Regions of a Country (Interregional): Migration Between Regions Within the U.S. Recent Growth of the South 1920s: population center moved southward People migrate south for job opportunities and environmental reasons (“sunbelt”) Interregional antagonism: feelings that southern states are stealing industries African Americans have migrated from the South to take jobs in large cities of Northeast, Midwest, and West

Intraregional migration: The movement within one region (New York to New Jersey, for example). Typically this is from rural to urban areas in search of jobs (Nassau County to Manhattan)

FIGURE 3-22 INTRAREGIONAL MIGRATION: UNITED STATES This figure shows migration between cities, suburbs, and nonmetropolitan areas in 2010. INTRAREGIONAL MIGRATION: UNITED STATES This figure shows migration between cities, suburbs, and nonmetropolitan areas in 2010. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Sun Belt

Rust Belt

Migration between Regions in Large Countries World’s five largest countries in land area are Russia, Canada, China, the U.S., and Brazil. Russia: Interregional migration was encouraged eastward and northward by the government’s decision to locate new factories and to offer economic incentives away from existing population concentrations. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION: RUSSIA Russia’s population is clustered in the west of the country, nearest to Europe. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration between Regions in Large Countries Canada: Shares a similar east to west interregional migration pattern with the U.S. Three westernmost provinces are destinations for interregional migrants. China: Nearly 100 million people have emigrated from rural interior to large urban areas along east coast where manufacturing is prevalent. Brazil: Government moved its capital from Rio De Janeiro to Brasília (600 miles from Atlantic Coast) to encourage migration of Atlantic coast residents to move to the interior. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION: CHINA Migrants are heading eastward towards the major cities. FIGURE 3-17 INTERREGIONAL MIGRATION: CHINA Migrants are heading eastward towards the major cities. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Migration Within One Region (Intraregional): Migration from Rural to Urban Areas Percentage of people in U.S. living in urban areas has increased from 5% in 1800 to 50% in 1920 to 75% today Worldwide, more than 20 million people each year migrate from rural to urban areas Pushed from declining opportunities in agriculture and pulled toward prospect of work in factories/service industries

Migration Within One Regions (Intraregional): Migration from Urban to Suburban In MDCs, most intraregional migration is from cities to suburbs Pulled by suburban lifestyle (houses, yards, garages, parking, schools, safety, accessibility to city through cars and trains)

Counter urbanization: Net migration from cities and suburbs to smaller towns and rural communities. This occurred during the late 20th century in the more developed countries of North America and Western Europe. People make this move primarily for lifestyle reasons. Exchanging the frantic city life for a more laid back and isolated lifestyle. This trend has mostly stopped in the U.S.

African-American migrations 1940-1950 (left) and 1980-1990 (below).

The Chinese migrated for economic opportunities as traders. British relocated many Asian during the colonial period as did the Dutch. The Chinese migrated for economic opportunities as traders. Today they make up 14% in Thailand 32% in Malaysia 76% in Singapore 3% in Indonesia, but that is a large number out of 200 million. British relocated many Asian during the colonial period as did the Dutch. The Chinese migrated for economic opportunities as traders. Today they make up 14% in Thailand 32% in Malaysia 76% in Singapore 3% in Indonesia, but that is a large number out of 200 million.

Post war immigration to Palestine accelerated which displaced 600,000 Palestinian Arabs who sought refuge in Jordan, Syria, Egypt and so forth. Post war immigration to Palestine accelerated which displaced 600,000 Palestinian Arabs who sought refuge in Jordan, Syria, Egypt and so forth.

International Migration – Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence).

Trans-Siberian Railway increased migration to the east.

Intraregional Migrations in LDCs: Populations in the less developed world are rushing to cities in search of work and income. Urbanization migration from rural areas lack of jobs in countryside lack of services in cities Tokyo, Los Angeles, and New York only MDC cities on top 10 list Lagos, Nigeria Mumbai, India Mexico City, Mexico