IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS There are always exceptions. And those exceptions never follow the rules. NEVER! So, unfortunately, you just have to memorize them. Here are the ones you need to know (plus “have”, “do”, and “be” you learnt before): How many of these do you already know? say give keep speak cut make find write read drive go think hear lose buy take tell mean fall wear come leave meet send choose see feel run build understand know put pay draw grow get bring sit break hold

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS __________ _________ ______ say put send make bring build go keep draw take write break come hear cut see mean drive know meet buy get run wear give pay choose find sit understand think speak grow tell read hold leave lose feel fall

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS said put sent made brought built went kept drew took wrote broke came heard cut saw meant drove knew met bought got ran wore gave paid chose found sat -stood thought spoke grew told read held left lost felt fell say put send make bring build go keep draw take write break come hear cut see mean drive know meet buy get run wear give pay choose find sit understand think speak grow tell read hold leave lose feel fall __________ _________ ______

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS There are some ways to group them together. BUT THESE ARE NOT RULES! This is only a way to help you remember the verbs. Stay the same put, read*, cut Ends with “t” keep, mean, lose, feel, build, send, leave Change vowel sound (small) come, know, get, give, write, meet, run, sit, fall, draw, drive, choose, grow, hold Change vowel sound (big) take, find, speak, break, wear, understand Ends with “d” say, pay, tell, hear VERY IRREGULAR make, go, see, think, bring, buy

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. Stay the same put, read*, cut put (put) read (read*) cut (cut) Yesterday, I put my homework in my backpack and now I can’t find it! I read Charlie and the Chocolate factory in grade 3. I cut my hair this weekend. Do you like it?

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. Ends with “t” keep, mean, lose, feel, build, send, leave keep (kept) mean (meant) lose (lost) feel (felt) build (built) send (sent) leave (left) I kept all my books from grade 2. I meant he is my cousin, not my brother. I lost my communication book, again. Yesterday, I felt so tired from studying. I built a Star Wars ship with my Lego. My uncle sent me a postcard from his trip! Mr. Daniel left at 4:30.

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. Change vowel sound (small) come, know, get, give, write, meet, run, sit, fall, draw, drive, choose, grow, hold come (came) sit (sat) know (knew) fall (fell) get (got) draw (drew) give (gave) drive (drove) hold (held) write (wrote) run (ran) meet (met) choose (chose) I sat on the chair and it broke! I fell off the chair. He drew an awesome picture of a Pokémon. My dad drove me to school this morning. I held the egg so tight it cracked in my hand. Yesterday, I met my best friend at the movies. I chose chocolate ice cream for desert.

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. Change vowel sound (big) take, find, speak, break, wear, understand take (took) find (found) speak (spoke) break (broke) wear (wore) understand (understood) I took my fidget spinner to school, and it’s lost! Oh look! I found my fidget spinner! Mr. Matt, he spoke Chinese in class! Oh no. I broke my fidget spinner. I wore my new shoes to school today. I understood what you were saying in Chinese.

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. Ends with “d” say, pay, tell, hear say (said) pay (paid) tell (told) hear (heard) He said his name was Elmo. My dad paid NT$5,000 for my shoes. He told me not to break them. I heard Mr. Matt got new shoes, too.

IRREGULAR PAST TENSE VERBS Don’t forget, with these verbs, that to make a negative sentence, you need a helping verb, and with helping verbs the main verb never changes. That means you must use the verb with no –ed, no –ing, no –s/s/s. VERY IRREGULAR make, go, see, think, bring, buy make (made) go (went) see (saw) think (thought) buy (bought) bring (brought) *be (was/were) *have (had) I made a card for your birthday. I went to the store to buy a present. I saw some cool buttons for my backpack. I thought it was a cool idea. So, I bought 5 of them. Then I brought them to school to share with friends. I was very popular at school. I didn’t have enough for all my friends, though.

ADVERBS ADVERBS Adverbs give us more information about a verb. They (almost) always come after the verb they are describing. They can talk about how, where or when you do something. ADVERBS We are working together on our homework. You need to sit quietly. He is playing outside. Put your hand up! I will do my homework later. The test will start soon.

ADVERBS ADJECTIVE ADVERB Sometimes you can change adjectives into adverbs by adding “ly”. (ex. He is quiet. He is working quietly.) ADJECTIVE ADVERB Excited High Slow Quick Gentle Careful Nice Excitedly Highly Slowly Quickly Gently Carefully Nicely

Adverbs can also be used to talk about time and location. Always Sometimes Never Rarely Soon Later Earlier Still Yet Out Under Here/There Up/Down Behind Around Inside/Outside Everywhere High/Low

You cannot combine more than two words together. CONTRACTIONS You cannot combine more than two words together. WORDS CONTRACTION IT + IS I + AM DID + NOT YOU + ARE HAD + NOT THEY + ARE COULD + NOT WE + WILL IT’S I’M DIDN’T YOU’RE HADN’T THEY’RE COULDN’T WE’LL

OR CONTRACTIONS CONTRACTION NEGATIVE WORD You cannot have more than one negative in a sentence. CONTRACTION NEGATIVE WORD You haven’t ever told… I don’t know anything… He didn’t win any prize. We aren’t with anybody… Isn’t anyone… They aren’t anywhere… You have never told… I know nothing… He won no prizes. We are with nobody… Is no one… They are nowhere… OR

Here is a list of positive and negative words. CONTRACTIONS Here is a list of positive and negative words. POSITIVE WORDS NEGATIVE WORDS Ever Anything Any Anybody Anyone Either Anywhere Never Nothing No/None Nobody No one Neither Nowhere

PUNCTUATION Statements and questions always start with a CAPITAL LETTER. The teacher is from Canada. Statements and questions always end with a final punctuation: . ! ? period exclamation question point mark

PUNCTUATION CAPITAL LETTERS are also used for names, months, days of the week, places, movies/books and titles. Harry Potter February Monday Taipei The Avengers Mr. & Mrs.

PUNCTUATION PUNCTUATION is important for making a good statement. . ? ! Period — finishes a statement Question mark — finishes a question Exclamation point — finishes a command