The Criminal Justice System CJ in the USA: The Criminal Justice System Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Upon completion of this Module, the student will be able to: Identify the multitude of professions, skill sets, and roles within the framework of the criminal justice system Explain the fundamentals of “search and seizure” law as allowed by the United States Constitution Explain the duties and responsibilities of citizens, first responders, technical experts, and legal experts in a criminal investigation Identify the steps in a criminal trial Demonstrate the importance of both the power of observation and the ability to communicate clearly Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Introduction What is the criminal justice system? A system of interdependent components that depend on interaction The interconnectivity among these important connections form a true system Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Ask Yourself As you read the crime story: Consider the actions of each character Consider the consequences that would result from the failure of any of the characters to do their jobs Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Dispatch to the Crime Scene Key Elements: Nell Deane’s call to 911 Emergency dispatch center processes an in- progress call for service Dispatchers relay information from the call to the patrol unit Officers Birkley and Lopez arrive at the scene The exigent circumstances in this situation Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. At the Scene Key Elements: Anne Schneider arrives and conducts a walkthrough with officers Sergeant Adams arrives and Lopez and Birkley share concise, accurate account Detectives arrive to question Nell, Anne, and Hannah Smith (a witness) Neighborhood canvass begins Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. What Would Happen If Nell Deane had not called 911? The patrol officers had not effectively identified the criminal activity, potential suspects, and evidence? The officers had not properly secured the crime scene? The neighbors had not fully answered the officers’ questions? Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. The Story Unfolds Key Elements: The Crime Scene Technicians arrive to search the scene and process evidence Keen observation Police go to Henry Schneider’s apartment but Schneider refuses to talk to them Probable cause Additional officers requested for surveillance Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The Judicial Process Begins Key Elements: Police present case against Schneider to District Attorney Marshfield Search warrant Arrest warrant Charges are first-degree murder and breaking and entering Evidence supports charges Schneider is arrested and advised of his rights. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. The Arraignment Key Elements: Schneider and his lawyer, Vincent Alonzo, appear at his arraignment before a judge Suspect formally advised of charges Pleads “not guilty” Bail is set Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. What Would Happen If The crime scene technicians failed to properly collect the physical evidence? The police had forced their way into Schneider’s home? Was he required to talk to them? Schneider did not have an attorney? The suspect had not been advised of his rights under the law? Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. The Trial Process Key Elements: The trial begins Jury selection Opening statements are presented Marshfield represents prosecution Alonzo represents defense The prosecution has the burden of proving the guilt of the defendant Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Witness Testimony and Evidence Key Elements: Witnesses are called and examined. Cross-examination Physical, scientific, and circumstantial evidence is presented. Closing statements made by both attorneys. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Jury Deliberations Key Elements: The trial conclusion Judge Caitlin Morris instructs the jury on the laws that apply to this case Jury deliberations find Schneider Not guilty of murder and breaking and entering Guilty of voluntary manslaughter Schneider sentenced to 15 years in prison. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. What Would Happen If A summoned person failed to appear for jury duty? The defendant did not testify under oath? You had to decide how long Schneider’s sentence should be? Trial by jury was eliminated from the U.S. justice system? Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Sentencing of Defendant Key Elements: Department of Corrections evaluates the convicted person and determines prison classification Schneider placed in medium-security facility Eligible for parole 6 years later Second parole hearing releases Schneider after incarcerated for 8 years Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Post-Incarceration Key Elements: Post incarceration, Schneider is assigned a parole officer a program to follow Schneider is released to a halfway house Social services help convicts re-enter society successfully and are key to preventing recidivism with both adults and juveniles Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. What Would Happen If Schneider had not been given a structured program to follow? Social services, such as halfway houses and counseling groups, were not a part of the criminal justice system? Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

The Criminal Justice System 911 Dispatch Police & Emergency Services Crime Scene Techs / Investigators Judge and Jury Prosecutor / Defense Attorney District Attorney Probation / Parole Officers Corrections – Prison / Parole Board Service Oriented Organizations Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Summary The various components of the criminal justice system are interdependent. If one component fails, the jobs of the other components become more difficult or even impossible. Copyright 2011 Curriculum Technology, LLC. All Rights Reserved.