1. Introduction to the Criminal Justice System Unit 1 – Part 3
Hermitage Tech Center
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2. Define Each Word What is the Criminal Justice System?
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3. Criminal Justice System
Crime
Criminal
Justice
System
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4. What is the definition of crime?
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5. Crime
My House
Conduct in violation of the laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction...
BANK
Vault
Tunnel
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6. Crime
My House
BANK
... for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Vault
Tunnel
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7. The adult, juvenile or corporation committing the crime.
Criminal
The adult, juvenile or corporation committing the crime.
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8. What is Justice?
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9. Justice principle of moral fairness; the idea of moral equity
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10. Justice criminal justice civil justice social justice
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11. Criminal Justice
is the criminal law, the law of criminal procedure, and activities having to do with the enforcement of those laws.
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12. Civil Justice
Deals with fairness in relationships between citizens, government agencies, and business
in private matters.
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13. Social Justice
An idea that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.
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14. How is social justice in question in
the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina?
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15. What Is a System?
A group of components that are interdependent, interrelated, and interacting toward a common goal.
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16. A Criminal Justice System is . . .
…the entire group of government agencies that deal with crime prevention, detection, apprehension, trial, and punishment.
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17. American Criminal Justice System Components
law enforcement
courts
corrections
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18. American Criminal Justice System
The agencies of the criminal justice system have no legal obligation to cooperate with one another, and sometimes they don’t.
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19. American Criminal Justice System
Consensus Model
This model assumes cooperation between all components of the system towards a common goal.
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20. American Criminal Justice: The System
Conflict Model
All components of the criminal justice system are self-serving and compete for limited resources.
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21. American Criminal Justice:
System Components
Courts
Law Enforcement
Corrections
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22. Law Enforcement Role
To enforce the law through activities of prevention, detection, and the investigation
of crime and the apprehension of criminals.
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23. Law Enforcement Role PREVENT CRIME ENFORCE LAWS MAINTAIN ORDER
GATHER INFORMATION
INVESTIGATE CRIMES
APPREHEND CRIMINALS
PROVIDE SERVICES
TESTIFY IN COURT
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24. Role of the Courts
To fairly determine the guilt or innocence of persons who come before them.
If the defendant is found guilty, to determine appropriate sentencing.
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25. Role of the Courts To interpret the law and apply it to cases
To deal with issues arising from the actions of the police, prosecutor, and corrections officials.
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26. Role of Corrections
To reinforce society’s values through use of incarceration, deterrence, and security and . . .
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27. Corrections
To carry out the orders of the court regarding incarceration and death.
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29. Police: Investigation and Arrest
Police become aware of a violation of law.
proactive law enforcement
vs.
reactive law enforcement
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30. Types of Police Responses:
Proactive:
The police, usually during routine patrol, observe a suspicious situation or a crime in progress.
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31. Types of Police Responses:
Reactive:
The police respond to a request for assistance either as a result of a phone call from a citizen, or are flagged down while on patrol.
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32. Warrant
In criminal proceedings, a writ issued by a judicial officer which directs a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and which affords the officer protection from damage if he or she performs it.
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33. Arrest
Taking a person into physical custody, by authority of law, for the purpose of charging the person with a criminal offense.
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34. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Requires a law enforcement officer to give the arrestee his or her rights before questioning.
The officer must state the following:
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35. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) You have the right to remain silent.
Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law.
You have the right to talk to an attorney and have him/her present while you are being questioned.
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36. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
If you cannot afford to hire an attorney, one will be appointed to represent you.
You can decide at any time to exercise these rights and not answer any questions or make any statements.
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37. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) Waiver
After the warnings have been given, the following questions should be asked.
Do you understand each of these rights I have explained to you?
Having these rights in mind, do you wish to talk to us now?
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38. Booking name address time and place of arrest
An administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest.
At time of booking, the accused’s:
name
address
time and place of arrest
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39. Booking Arrest charges are entered into the police log.
An administrative process officially recording an entry into detention after arrest.
At time of booking, the accused’s:
Arrest charges are entered into the police log.
Fingerprints and photos can also be taken.
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40. First Appearance It usually occurs within 24 hours of arrest.
Charges against individual are read.
Accused is advised of his/her rights.
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41. First Appearance An attorney is appointed if the accused is indigent.
An opportunity for bail may be provided.
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42. Bail to ensure that the accused appear in court for trial
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43. Preliminary Hearing: Grand Jury
The U.S. Constitution provides that the state must prove that there is probable cause to believe that the accused committed the crime.
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44. Preliminary Hearing: Grand Jury
When the state proves that there is probable cause, then there is sufficient reason to try the person as charged. The Grand Jury can issue an indictment.
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45. Preliminary Hearing Whether a crime was committed.
A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided:
Whether a crime was committed.
Whether the crime occurred within the territorial jurisdiction of the court.
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46. Preliminary Hearing
A proceeding before a judicial officer in which three matters must be decided:
Whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that the defendant committed the crime.
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47. Arraignment It takes place after a preliminary hearing or indictment.
Charges are read.
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48. Arraignment
An attorney is provided if the defendant has not yet retained one.
The defendant is asked to enter a plea.
If the plea is “not guilty,” than a trial date is set.
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49. Arraignment
It is the hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case, in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charge(s) and of his/her rights, and the defendant is required to enter a plea.
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50. Arraignment
In some instances, it also means any appearance in court prior to trial in criminal proceedings.
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51. Trial
If the defendant enters a plea of “not guilty” at the arraignment, the proceedings will move forward to the trial phase.
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52. Trial
At this phase, the burden of proof is on the state to prove “beyond a reasonable doubt” that the defendant committed the crime.
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53. Trial
In criminal proceedings, a trial is the examination in a court of the issues of fact and law in a case, for the purpose of reaching a judgment of conviction or acquittal of the defendant(s).
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54. Sentencing fine probation prison community corrections
Once convicted, judge imposes punishment in the form of:
fine
probation
prison
community corrections
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55. Sentencing Sentences can be served: consecutively - one after another
concurrently - served at the same time
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56. Corrections
A component of the criminal justice system in which the offender serves the sentence imposed.
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57. Corrections probation prison community corrections parole
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