Classification: Sorting it All Out Chapter 9, Section 1

What are the different ways humans classify things? library books department-store merchandise addresses

What is Classification? Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities Why do we classify organisms? There are millions of different organisms in the world Classifying things makes it easier to find answers to: How many species are there? What are the characteristics of each species? What are the relationships between species?

Kingdoms The largest most general group

The 6 Kingdoms Plant Animal Fungi Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria

Phyla(several) Phylum(one) The level of classification after kingdom, the organisms from all kingdoms are sorted into several phyla

Classes The level of classification after phylum; the organisms in all phyla are sorted into classes

Classes in Phyla Chordata

Orders The level of classification after class; the organisms in all the classes are sorted into orders

Reptilia Orders

Families The level of classification after order; the organisms in all orders are sorted into families

Genus The level of classification after family; the organisms in all families are sorted into genera

Canis Genus

Species The most specific of the 7 levels of classification; characterized by a group of organisms that can mate with one another to produce fertile offspring

Mnemonic device – a learning technique that aids memory. The following is a mneomic device. It’s a sentence that is easy to remember – each word of the sentence begins with the same letter as each of the 7 levels of classification (in the correct order) Kings Play Chess On Fine-Grained Sand.

Kings Kingdom Play Phylum Chess Class On Order Fine Family Grained Genus Sand Species

Where did classification come from? Carolus Linnaeus – swedish physician and botanist in the 1700’s Founded Taxonomy Taxonomy – the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things Linnaeus attempted to classify all known organisms by their shared characteristics

Naming Names By classifying organisms scientists were able to give them scientific names Organisms can have scientific names or common names Common names change in different languages What is a cat called in German? - katze What is a cat called in Spanish? - gato The scientific name for a cat is the same in all countries. Felis domesticus

Naming Names Scientific names are in Latin or Greek Scientific name = Genus + species Examples: Felis domesticus = cat Elephas maximus = elephant The genus can be abbreviated: F. domesticus = cat E. maximus = elephant

Dichotomous Keys Dichotomous Key – an aid to identifying unknown organisms that consists of several pairs of descriptive statements; of each pair of statements, only 1 will apply to the unknown organism, and that statement will lead to another set of statements, and so on, until the unknown organism can be identified

6 Kingdoms Chapter 9, Section 2

Archaebacteria bacteria Where most organisms cannot survive Example Hot springs Prokaryotic

Eubacteria Most other types of bacteria Live everywhere Prokaryotic Soil Water Inside the human body Prokaryotic

Monera Sometime Archaebacteria and Eubacteria kingdoms are grouped together into 1 Kingdom – 5 kingdom classification system One celled No separate nucleus - prokaryotic Example: bacteria

Protista Most one celled Have nucleus and other cell structures - Eukaryotic Examples: algae, amoeba

Fungi Many celled - Eukaryotic Cannot move Like plants, but do not go through photosynthesis Absorb nutrients from other organisms Examples: mushrooms, yeast, molds

Plantae Many-celled - Eukaryotic Cannot move Go through photosynthesis Examples: trees, flowers, ferns

Animalia Many-celled (lack cell walls) - Eukaryotic Most can move Get energy by consuming other organisms Examples: invertebrates, fish, birds, mammals

Which is a picture of a Plant?

Which is a picture of a Protist?

Which is a picture of an Animal?

Which is a picture of a Moneran?

Which is a picture of a Fungus?