1. Preview Section 1 Sorting It All Out Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Classification
Preview
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Concept Mapping

2. Bellringer Think about the different ways humans classify
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Bellringer
Think about the different ways humans classify
things. List five groups of things that humans classify,
such as library books, department store merchandise,
and addresses. Is there such a thing as too much
classification? What happens when you put something
in the wrong group? Can objects or ideas belong in
more than one group at the same time?
Record your responses in your science journal.

3. Objectives Explain why and how organisms are classified.
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Objectives
Explain why and how organisms are classified.
List the eight levels of classification.
Explain scientific names.
Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying organisms.

4. Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Why Classify?
Makes it easier for biologists to answer many important questions such as:
1. How many known species are there?
2. What are the defining characteristics of each species?
3. What are the relationships between these species?

5. How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
How do Scientists Classify Organisms?
Taxonomists use an eight-level system to classify living things.
Orderly.
Based on similar characteristics.
Taxonomy – the science of describing, classifying, naming living things.

6. Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Branching Diagrams
On a branching diagram, we see pictures of organisms and several characteristics listed along a line that points to the upper right.
These characteristics are like a toll gate – if an organism doesn’t have that particular trait, they don’t get through, so to speak

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8. Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Branching Diagrams
Each characteristic is shared by the organisms to the right of this “gate.”

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10. Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Branching Diagrams
The closer together the organisms are on a branching diagram, the more characteristics they have in common.
You may hear this interpreted as the organisms being “more closely related.”

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12. The 8-Level System of Classification
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
The 8-Level System of Classification
Kingdoms and Beyond The eight levels of classification are:
1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

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Scientific Names
One Species, One Name A scientific name is always the same for a specific kind of organism no matter how many common names there might be.
Two-Part Names
The first part of a species’ name is the genus name. It is always capitalized.
The second part of the name is the species name. Lower case

15. Uses a sequence of paired descriptive statements.
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Dichotomous Keys
What Is a Dichotomous Key? A dichotomous key is a tool for identifying organisms.
Uses a sequence of paired descriptive statements.
“Yes” or “No” determines where to go next on chart.

16. End up at the Two-Part (Scientific) Name
Section 1 Sorting It All Out
Dichotomous Keys
End up at the Two-Part (Scientific) Name
By working through the statements in a dichotomous key in order, a person can eventually identify an unknown but previously-discovered organism.

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A Growing System
Still Discoveries to Make People are still discovering and classifying organisms.
Discovery Unique Organisms Sometimes new organisms are found that are so different from other known organisms that new classes, phyla, and so on must be formed.

19. Bellringer List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Bellringer
List seven musical artists, bands, or acts. Categorize
the names on your list by style of music. Describe
the categories you chose, and explain which bands
might fit into more than one category.
Record your responses in your notebook

20. Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
Explain how classification developed as greater numbers of organisms became known.
Describe the three domains.
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

21. Objectives Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya. Protista
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
Objectives
Describe four kingdoms in the domain Eukarya.
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae

22. How are Organisms Classified? According to their characteristics.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
How are Organisms Classified?
According to their characteristics.
Adding New Classification Categories
Scientists add categories that account for the different characteristics of different organisms.

23. One of the two kinds of prokaryotes. (Bacteria is the other.)
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Archaea
One of the two kinds of prokaryotes. (Bacteria is the other.)
Prokaryotes
Single-celled organisms with no nucleus.
Most Archaea live in extreme environments, like hot springs

24. All bacteria are in this domain.
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Bacteria
All bacteria are in this domain.
Bacteria are another kind of prokaryote.
Found in soil, water, and even on and inside the human body.

25. The Domain Eukarya: Contains ALL organisms that have
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya:
Contains ALL organisms that have
an organized nucleus and
membrane-covered organelles.

26. Contains four kingdoms
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya:
Contains four kingdoms

27. The Domain Eukarya: has four kingdoms
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya: has four kingdoms
The Kingdom Protista
Members of the kingdom Protista commonly called protists
single-celled or simple multicelluar organisms.
Protista contains many kinds of organisms, including protozoans, algae, and euglenoids (“tail-whippers”).

28. The Domain Eukarya, continued
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Domain Eukarya, continued
2.The Kingdom Fungi
Multicellular organisms like molds and mushrooms are examples of the complex, multicelluar members of the kingdom Fungi.
Fungi are not plants.
They do not perform photosynthesis or eat food
Instead, fungi absorb nutrients from substances in their surroundings.

29. Plants! The Kingdom Plantae Plants are organisms that are eukaryotic,
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Plantae
Plants!
Plants are organisms that
are eukaryotic,
have cell walls, and
make food through photosynthesis.
Examples of Plantae: Sequoia trees, roses, grasses, ferns, etc. are all examples of members of the kingdom Plantae.

30. The Kingdom Animalia Animals!
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
Animals!
The kingdom Animalia is also within the domain “Eukarya”
Contains complex, multicellular organisms that
Don’t have cell walls,
Are usually able to move around, and
Have specialized sense organs.

31. Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
Examples of Animalia Ants, beetles, lizards, fish, birds, apes, elephants, and more are all examples of members of the kingdom Animalia.
Simple Animals Most animals are able to move, but sponges, a simple animal, cannot move.

32. The Kingdom Animalia REMEMBER:
Section 2 Domains and Kingdoms
The Kingdom Animalia
REMEMBER:
Even “Simple” Organisms are incredibly complex, sophisticated organisms that the most-advanced human mind cannot duplicate.

33. Classification
Concept Mapping
Use the terms below to complete the concept map on the next slide.
kingdom scientific name
species order
class taxonomy
classification phylum
family

34. Classification

35. Classification