What is a ‘balanced‘ diet ? A diet which matches the nutrient and energy requirements of an animal regardless of its life stage or lifestyle

What are nutrients ? Nutrients are the components of food which have a function in ….. Starting and controlling various processes, e.g. vitamin C and immune system iron and red blood cells Providing energy Providing material for growth, repair, reproduction

Nutrients include ….. Minerals Fat Carbohydrate Vitamins Water Protein

but carbohydrate is not essential for cats and dogs !! The function of carbohydrate is ... Energy (eg for the brain, muscles) Digestive health - fibre increases dietary bulk, prevents constipation fermented to produce short chain fatty acids to feed the lining of the digestive tract but carbohydrate is not essential for cats and dogs !!

Protein Tissue building and maintenance Regulation of metabolism Protein is required for ….. Tissue building and maintenance e.g. hair, skin, organs, muscle, antibodies, enzymes, hormones Regulation of metabolism e.g. insulin, thyroxin Energy

Contains right balance Protein Quality depends upon ….. Quantity of N to make new AA’s digestibility EAA profile Highest quality Contains right balance of all EAA’s Eggs & milk Meat (fish bird, mammal) Vegetable / plant Lacking in some EAA’s Lowest quality

Fat Functions Source of essential fatty acids Linoleic acid Linolenic acid Skin & coat condtion Concentrated energy source Palatability Functions Insulation and protection of organs Brain and retinal development Fat soluble vitamins (A D E K) are stored in fat

Water Contains hydrogen and oxygen ESSENTIAL for normal function required for all body fluids carrier of vitamins (C, B) dissolves nutrients and transports them around the body heat exchange Source - e.g. vegetables, meat

Minerals bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous Inorganic elements (referred to collectively as Ash) divided into macrominerals eg calcium, phosphorous microminerals (trace elements) In excess most are toxic Important for bones & teeth, e.g. calcium and phosphorous body fluids, e.g. sodium and potassium components of many enzymes

Vitamins Organic compounds which help to regulate body processes fat soluble e.g. A, D, E, K (generally stored in the body) water soluble e.g. B, C (excess generally excreted) Function: eyesight - vitamin A antioxidants - vitamin C and E skeleton - vitamin D metabolism - vitamin E Sources: cereal, fish oils, nuts, liver, fruit & vegetables

What about energy ? why is it so important ?

Thanks

What about energy requirement? EI<EE (lose weight) EI>EE (gain weight) Energy intake has to match energy requirement more closely than nutrients

Energy content of food Energy 1 gram of protein equals 5.65kcal of energy Energy BUTTER 1 gram of fat equals 9.4kcal of energy 1 gram of carbohydrate equals 4.15kcal of energy

Energy Needs Body Size Body composition Degree of exercise Physiological state and Ambient temperature

Designing balanced diets

Criteria for a complete diet in balance with energy content on the ‘plateau’ Each nutrient is ... in balance with other nutrients in a useable form

Protein Adult cats needs 4 x and dogs 2 x the protein of an adult human Human Cat Dog Kittens needs 10 x and puppies almost 3 x more protein than a baby Baby Kitten Puppy

Thanks Submitted by Harshit Pandey St. johns Public School

If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com

If you also want to share your own or your kid’s presentation(ppt) please send it on info@makemegenius.com