Arteries of the head & neck The face receives rich blood supply from two main vessels, the facial and the superficial temporal arteries. It is supplemented by small vessels, supratrochlear and supraorbital from the internal carotid artery 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Teeth and oral structures are supplied by: Maxillary artery. Lingual artery. All the arteries are branches from the external and internal carotid arteries 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Common carotid artery: The right artery arise from the brachiocephalic artery and the left from the arch of the aorta. Runs upward and back and divide at the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into two terminal branches the external and internal arteries 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Carotid sinus: a localized dilatation at the terminal part of common carotid artery contain numerous nerve endings from glossopharyngeal nerve It serve as a pressoreceptor that assist in regulating the blood pressure in the cerebral artery 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Carotid body: A small reddish structure, lies posterior to the bifurcation innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve A chemoreceptor sensitive to anoxia, producing a rise in blood pressure, heart rate & increase in respiration 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck External Carotid Artery: It begins at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage near the greater horn of the hyoid bone and terminates in the substance of the parotid gland At The origin: It lies medial to the internal carotid then it passes back and lateral

Arteries of the head & neck The internal jugular vein lies lateral but higher up it passes posterior and deep. It is overlapped by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck It pass upward deep to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles It pierces the deep lamina of the parotid fascia and enters the gland separated from the internal carotid by the deep part 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Branches: Three from in front: Superior thyroid Lingual Facial Diverge widely from each other Two from behind: Occipital Posterior auricular pass up along the upper and lower border of digastric 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck One medial: Ascending pharyngeal ascend along the side wall of the pharynx Two terminal: Maxillary Superficial temporal Within the substance of the parotid 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Superior thyroid: Runs vertically downward to the upper pole of the thyroid cartilage Branches: The superior laryngeal artery A branch to the sterno-cleidomastoid muscle. 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Lingual artery: It form a loop opposite the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid bone Pass deep to the hyoglossus muscle to enter the submandibular region Branches: Dorsal lingual: ascend to the dorsum & tip of tongue Sublingual artery: sublingual salivary gland & structures 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery: Ascend upward on the superior constrictor muscle and deep to the digastric and stylohyoid muscles and submandibular gland Indent the surface and makes an S bend around the gland and cross the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery: Runs upward in a tortuous course to the angle of the mouth under the platysma Ascend deep to zygomaticus and the levator labii superioris along the side of the nose to the medial angle of the eye Anastomose with the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery: Branches: Five in number then terminate as the angular artery Tonsillar artery: Tonsil and soft palate Submental artery: Skin of the chin and lower lip, anterior belly of digastric and mylohyoid muscle and sublingual salivary gland. 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery: Inferior labial artery: Runs medially in lower lip, anatomizing with opposite. Superior labial artery: Upper lip, nasal septum and ala of nose Lateral nasal artery: Skin on the lateral and dorsum of nose 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Occipital artery: Arises from the back at the level of the facial artery Ascend backward along the lower border of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. Supply the back of the scalp the posterior triangle two branches to the sternocleidomastoid muscle 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Posterior auricular artery: Arises above the upper border of the digastric muscle Branches: Auricular branches: supply the pinna of ear Stylomastoid branch: supply the facial nerve Stapedial branch: To the stapedius muscle 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Ascending pharyngeal artery: Arises from the medial side at the beginning of the external carotid artery. Run deep to the internal carotid along the side wall of the pharynx Supply the pharyngeal wall and soft palate Meningeal branches through foramina 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery: One of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery. Enter the infratemporal fossa deep to the condyle with the Auriculotemporal nerve superficial to it. 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery: Pass between the two heads of lateral pterygoid muscle deep into the pterygomaxillary fissure and enter the pterygo-palatine fossa Leaves the fossa through the foramen and become the sphenopalatine artery to the nose 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery: Branches Descriptively it is in three parts in relation to the muscle, each part gives five branches Branches from the first and third part enter bony foramina First part Before it reaches the muscle Second part On the muscle Third part After the muscle 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery: The first part: Inferior alveolar artery: Passes downward and forward and join the nerve and the vein at the mandibular foreman passes forward in the I-D canal supplying the body Dental branches supply lower teeth Mental branch supply the lip and skin Atrophies in old age when the bone resorb 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Middle meningeal artery: Enter the skull through foramen spinosum Supply the base of the skull Accessory meningeal nerve: Enter the skull through foramen ovale Chief arterial supply for the trigeminal ganglion Deep auricular artery: Supply the external acoustic meatus Anterior tympanic artery: Join the anastomosis around the tympanic membrane 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck The second part: This supply the pterygoid and the temporalis muscle, other accompany the lingual and long buccal nerves The third part: Posterior superior alveolar nerve: Accompany nerves and enter the bone through foramina in the posterior wall of the maxilla 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Greater palatine artery Enter the foramen and supply the hard palate Pharyngeal branches: Enter the palatovaginal canal Artery of the pterygoid canal Infraorbital artery: Enter the inferior orbital fissure along the floor of the orbit then to the infraorbital canal and emerges in the face through the infraorbital foramen 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Superficial temporal artery: Is a terminal branch of the external carotid passes behind the TMJ crossing the posterior root of the zygomatic arch Branches widely and supply the skin over the temporalis fascia Middle temporal artery pierces the fascia and run deep to the muscle 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Supraorbital artery: Is a branch of the ophthalmic artery and emerge with the nerve Is a large branch supply the front of the scalp up to the vertex Anastomoses with the superficial temporal artery connecting the external & internal carotid arteries 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Supratrochlear artery: A branch of the ophthalmic, from the internal carotid artery Supply the frontal part of the skull medially Anastomose with the superficial temporal artery establishing a free communication between the internal and external carotid arteries 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck Clinically: External carotid artery is exposed through an incision along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, passing downward from the angle of the mandible It lies anterior and is the only carotid with branches in the neck 1/1/2018

Arteries of the head & neck The common carotid is exposed through a transverse incision over the origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle above the sternoclavicular joint Free communication between the external carotid arteries and cross circulation through the circle of Willis provide good blood supply to the face and the cranium 1/1/2018