Common Types of Wood AG Mech I Standard 6:1-3

Common Woods 2 types of wood Softwood & Hardwood These trees are based by 2 categories Either Evergreen or Decidious

Evergreen Do not shed their leaves on a yearly basis Commercial importance Mostly conifers Conifers- have needle like leaves that produce lumber called softwood (pines)

Deciduous Shed their leaves every year Produce lumber called hardwood

Birch Easily recognized by their white bark Grow in areas where summer temperatures seldom exceed 70 degrees Fahrenheit Dense and fine-textured Used for furniture, plywood, paneling, boxes, baskets, and veneer (very thin sheet of wood glued to a cheaper species of wood)

Cedar Eastern Red, White, Western Red Eastern red cedar is used for fence posts because it is very resistant to decay Eastern red can also be used for an air freshener because its odor repels insects. Furniture, chests and closet linings

Cherry Grow from southern Canada through the eastern U.S. Wood is very dense and stable after drying Desirable and very popular in the production of fine-quality furniture It is expensive and in limited supply, so it is used mostly for veneer and paneling

Cypress Medium hardness Rot resistance Structural material in wet areas

Douglas Fir This is 5 to 6 times the production of most other softwood species It is popular as construction lumber and to manufacture plywood Plywood is a construction material made of thin layers of wood glued together

Oak: White and Red White oak lumber is very hard, heavy, and strong Its pores are plugged with membranes that make it nearly waterproof Used for structural timbers, flooring, furniture, fencing, pallets, and other uses where wood strength is necessary

White Pine Lumber is soft, light, and straight-grained Has less strength than spruce or hemlock More popular as a wood in cabinetmaking They grow from Maine to Georgia

Yellow Pine Included in the category of southern pine is longleaf pine, shortleaf pine, loblolly pine, and slash pine They grow in the southern states and south Atlantic states Lumber from southern pine is used for construction Also used for pulpwood and plywood

Black Walnut Premier wood for the manufacture of fine furniture Grows from Vermont to Texas Has straight grain and is easily machined with woodworking tools It is slow growing and very desirable Often made into veneer to get more use from its chocolate-brown heartwood It is the source of black walnut nut meats

Hardwood Grades Highest grade FAS (first and seconds) To be graded FAS board must be 8’ long and 6” wide and 83% of surface mus tbe clear FAS-1 next grade and means only 1 side of the board meets grade Number 1 Common (1C) is the next lower grade followed by must be 4’ long and 3” 67% clear 2C min 4’ long 3” wide 50% clear 3AC min 4’ long 3” wide 33% clear

Softwood Grades 3 board grades Select Common Dimension Select is used for the purpose of appearance to qualify for select all defects must minor and covered when finished Select grades go from A-D Common is for construction purposes when appearance is not a factor Common Grades-uses number grades 1-5 with 5 being the worse

Softwood Grades Dimension is recommended where strength is needed Grade is based on straightness, strength and rigidity of the board Common uses rafters, studs, joists Dimension grades are from 1-3

Common Wood Dimensions Lumber is cut to actual sizes this is called rough cut lumber but to make the sides smooth you have to plane when you plane the lumber it shaves off 1/8” on each side

Common Wood Dimensions S2S lumber the 2 surface sides are planned but edges are not S4S lumber all 4 sides are planned Sanded- width and thickness are exact on all pieces