1. Objective 16.01 Describe types of tree species in the United States as related to their significance in the forestry industry.

2. Hardwoods Deciduous Trees Oaks, Maple, or Walnut More expensive wood

3. Softwoods Have needles Have cones Also known as evergreens or conifers Don’t loose their leaves

4. American Holly Also known as Christmas Holly Spiny wavy-edged, glossy, dark green leaves 15-40 feet high, 1-2 feet wide

5. Ash Used for: Handles Baseball bats Resembles Oak Has a high resistance to shock

6. Beech Reach a height of 60 feet Leaves turn bronze or tan in the fall

7. Birch Used for furniture, plywood, paneling Made into veneer Has white bark

8. Black Cherry Also known as Wild Cherry Reach height of 60- 100 feet Leaves are 2-6 inches long and ¾ - 1 ½ inches wide Edges are toothed

9. Black Gum Grows along swamp margins Alternate leaves, roughly oval with short, blunt points Turn scarlet in fall

10. Black Locust Also known as yellow locust Pinnately compound leaves made up of 7-19 leaflets Twigs have spines

11. Black Oak Leaves have 5-7 lobes 50-80 feet tall

12. Black Walnut Black walnut leaves are alternate, pinnately compound 12 to 24 inches long, with 15 to 23 sharply oval, finely toothed, long-pointed leaflets 3 to 3 1/2 inches long. Leaves turn a bright, clear yellow in autumn.

13. Chestnut Oak Chestnut oak leaves are 4 to 8 inches long. They are roughly oval but often are wider near the apex and are roughly round-toothed. Undersides of leaves often are hairy.

14. Cottonwood fastest-growing commercial forest species in North America, one of the tallest trees of eastern forests, 200 feet tall diameters of 4 to 6 feet leaves are roughly triangular, toothed, pointed, 3 to 6 inches long, 4 to 5 inches wide, paler below than above and have a flattened stem

15. Cypress found in deep swamps and on wet stream banks and wet bottomlands The leaves are 1/2 to 3/4 inches long and are arranged in featherlike fashion along two sides of small branchlets,

16. Dogwood It is a small tree, usually 10 to 20 feet tall and 4 to 6 inches in diameter leaves are opposite and 3 to 5 inches long.

17. Elm leaves are oval, and have a long, slightly curved point rough- textured and 4 to 6 inches long. Leaf margins are sharply toothed.

18. Hemlock flat round-tipped needles, 1/3 to 2/3 inches long marked on the lower surface with two pale lines (stomata). The pendant cones grow on short, slender stalks from the tips of branchlets, usually remaining on the tree until the following spring.

19. Hickory leaves are 8 to 12 inches long with five (rarely 7) finely toothed, sharp-pointed, tapering leaflets. The fruit is globular to pear-shaped, 1 1/2 inches long and is enclosed in a thin husk that remains closed or opens only part way down the nut

20. Loblolly Pine Loblolly pine needles occur in clusters of three. They are slender and stiff, 6 to 9 inches long and pale green

21. Long Leaf Pine Longleaf pine has long, drooping, lustrous bright green needles. The needles are 8 to 15 inches long in three- leaf clusters found toward the ends of the stout branches.

22. Northern Red Oak Flooring, furniture, fencing Very strong wood leaves are 5 to 8 inches long and have seven to 11 lobes. Each lobe usually is three-toothed,

23. Persimmon The broadly oblong, pointed leaves are 4 to 6 inches long and 2 to inches wide. The leaf has a smooth margin and a broad, flat midrib, with small, conspicuous dark veins on the underside.

24. Post Oak Its leaves are 4 to 6 inches long and are deeply divided into five lobes the leaf has a cross-like appearance bark is rougher and darker than the white oak and is broken into much smaller scales

25. Red Cedar leaves average 1/16 inches in length and are opposite 40 to 50 feet tall

26. Red Maple Used to construct butcher blocks, workbench tops, flooring Red maple leaves are three- to five- lobed and have coarsely toothed margins

27. Redbud The leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, smooth-margined, 3 to 5 inches long and wide. They are glossy green, turning to a bright clear yellow in autumn.

28. Scarlet Oak Its leaves are 4 to 7 inches long and 3 to 5 inches wide. They have five to nine pointed lobes

29. Shortleaf Pine Shortleaf pine needles are 3 to 5 inches long, slender, flexible, dark green grow in clusters of two or three

30. Sourwood It is a small tree, 8 to 12 inches in diameter and 30 to 40 feet leaves are 3 to 6 inches long, simple, alternate, very acidic to the taste

31. Southern Red Oak Two types of leaves: irregularly shaped lobes that are mostly narrow and bristle tipped, with the central lobe often being the longest; pear-shaped with three rounded lobes at the outer end.

32. Sweet Gum star-shaped leaves Prickly fruit

33. Sycamore multicolored, mottled bark most often is white leaves usually are three- to four-lobed

34. Tupelo Gum It inhabits only those deep river swamps or coastal swamps Leaves are oblong and long-pointed at the end, 5 to 7 inches long and 2 to 4 inches wide

35. Virginia Pine needles are 11/2 to 3 inches long, They grow in bundles of two. 50 to 80 feet tall

36. Water Oak grows along the borders of swamps and streams leaves are small (2 to 4 inches long) three indistinct lobes Leaves often remain on the tree into early winter

37. White Oak Used for: Structural timbers Flooring Fencing Pallets Nearly waterproof because its pores are plugged with membranes

38. White Pine Needles are 3 to 5 inches long. They grow in bundles of five and have 3 to 5 white lines (stomata) on two surfaces of each needle

39. Willow Oak Also known as water oak or pin oak leaves are 2 to 5 inches long, narrow, smoothed-edged and tipped with bristle points

40. Yellow Poplar Also known as Tulip tree or Tulip Poplar Leaves have four large lobes

41. Southern Pine Includes loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf, and slash pine Most commonly used for pulpwood and plywood

42. Douglas Fir The most important tree species in the US Used for construction lumber and plywood

43. Frazier Fir Used for commercial Christmas tree production Grown in the North Carolina Mountains