By Dr James Katzenstein Dr William David Brice Dr Thomas Norman Differentiation and Higher Education in Developing African Countries: A Strategic Approach By Dr James Katzenstein Dr William David Brice Dr Thomas Norman

Introduction A case study of the struggle on the part of a private college in rural Ethiopia To position itself in a growing African education market To create sustainability in an underdeveloped but rapidly growing economic environment

The Process The development of a twinning relationship between the faculty at CSUDH and US College High impact educational practices to enhance specific management courses for US students at CBAPP Allow access to content, pedagogy, and technology for Ethiopian faculty to deliver world class education across a range of undergraduate and Masters courses

The context

US University College, Shashemene Ethiopia Founded in 2007 Provide trade level education, e.g. surveying, computer technology and bookkeeping Expanded to offer degrees in Accounting and Business Management Two campuses with 3,000 students

Graduation Ceremony

The faculty from both institutions

CSUDH (CBAPP) A comprehensive four-year Minority-Serving Institution in Los Angeles County One of 23 campuses of the California State University system (CSU), Serves a region with a large number of low-income families, pockets of endemic poverty and significant immigrant populations. Its student body is one of the most diverse in the western United States, with 88.4% representing an ethnicity other than white. Some 73% of undergraduates come from families where neither parents nor siblings have earned a college degree, and 54.9% of CSUDH students received Pell grants in fall 2012. CSUDH has a history of leadership and innovation in distance learning and online education. HealthSpan International has a history of collaboration with African healthcare and educational institutions in Tanzania, Ethiopia and Cameroon

The need Critical shortage of skilled indigenous managers in Africa. African capacity to develop managers Challenging international experience for American students and faculty-citizens of a global environment

The options Aid agencies, countries and NGOs operate on the principles of philanthropy and colonialism Benefits are uneven for African recipients

Twinning, an alternative Twinning is a collaborative relationship in which both parties obtain what is needed. Capacity building in both countries

Twinning “Process that pairs an individual, organization or network with other individuals, organizations or networks of similar function in order to transfer knowledge and build capacity.” (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, 2008) Provides benefits to both parties Specific twinning activities include: staff exchange; short and long term placements; advice or consulting services; information sharing; study tours; sponsoring of attendance at conferences and workshops; periodical visits; mentoring; training and/or the provision of specific services.

Strengths of twinning Social entrepreneurship model- a collaboration of equal partners Relational or partnership model (structural coupling) Organizational model, the client consultant system infrastructure Harnessing current structures CSUDH curriculum shared US College modifies and customizes courses Hosted five U.S. Students and four U.S. Professors Strength of the partnership Symbolized by meetings with Dean of CBAPP Letter of Intent signed on 2014

Results Joint classes in International Management and Principles of Management using Blackboard LMS to facilitate collaboration between students in CSUDH and those in US College

Develop the partnership of equals (CCSI) Reciprocal visits

Student exchanges Full immersion visits Technology enabled friendships

Ground based teaching

Technology (LMS) enabled teaching Organizational behavior Shadow teaching Fall 2014 International Management summer course Summer 2015 Principles of Management Fall 2015

Course transfers University Grant Received involving multiple faculty members Organizational Leadership Certificate Developed for students from both universities Management Theory- Professor Polk, stipend for course development Organization Behavior- Professor Katzenstein, stipend for course development and travel funds Strategic Management- Professor Hoopes, stipend for course development Special Topics Course- Professor Brice stipend for course development and travel funds

Thank you! For further information James Katzenstein, PhD Full time lecturer California State University, Dominguez Hills College of Business Administration and Public Policy Executive Director HealthSpan International Foundation jkatzenstein@csudh.edu 949-338-1835 (Mobile)