Chapter 6 Boating Emergencies...What To Do Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Most Accidents Are Preventable! 63% human error 33% environment 4% equipment Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Chapter Overview We will discuss: Risk management Boating accidents Personal injuries Weather emergencies Getting help Helping others 1 Instructor Notes: Mention these items as an overview of this chapter. More detail will be covered on each topic. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Boating Stressors Increase Risk Glare and heat of the sun Motion Noise Vibration Many boaters underestimate effects 1 2 3 4 5 Instructor Notes: Ask: What are three of the natural stressors that can effect boaters? Motion Noise Vibration Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Avoid Dehydration Has anyone ever experienced dehydration? How can dehydration be avoided? 1 2 Instructor Notes: If a class member has experienced dehydration, ask them to explain what it was like. If no one responds, ask students what causes are. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Alcohol And Boating Don’t Mix What happens if a person uses alcohol while operating a boat? Why is alcohol intensified in the water? 1 2 Instructor Notes: Discuss the legal limits of alcohol consumption for the state in which you are teaching. Remind the participants that using drugs and/or alcohol while boating is a leading cause of boating accidents. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Personal Flotation Devices 90% boating fatalities are drownings No PFD, or inadequate Ensure that PFDs are: Readily accessible Proper size Good condition 1 2 Instructor Notes: Discuss what is “readily accessible”. Classroom aid: Demonstrate the test for proper fit. Using a student, place a PFD that is too large on the student and show how the PFD will come off when the person falls into the water. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Falling Overboard What are some ways to prevent persons from falling overboard? What should you do if someone does fall overboard? 1 2 Instructor Notes: Ask: What are ways to prevent falling overboard? Classroom aid: Write answers on whiteboard. Ask students to prioritize the list generated by the class. Ask: The class to generate a list of things to do if a person falls overboard. Have the class place the list generated in order of which step is first through last. Discuss why they have chosen the response to be in that position of order. Be sure that the participants know that the first thing to do is shout “Man Overboard!” so that the helmsman hears it Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Overboard Reduce speed Throw PFD Point Turn around Approach from downwind Stop engine Pull aboard 1 2 3 4 5 Instructor Notes: Discuss why each item is important. Remind the participants that the first person to see someone go overboard should shout so loudly, ensuring the helmsman hears 4 5 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Rescue Technique Reach Throw Instructor Notes: Ask: Why is this technique important? Stress the GO for help and not become a part of the problem! Row Go Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Capsizing & Swamping Don’t overload the boat Controlled turns Anchor from bow only Stay with boat Try to re-board 1 2 3 4 5 Instructor Notes: Discuss why each point is important. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Prevent Collisions Follow rules of navigation (ch.3) Who remembers what we said about following the rules of navigation in chapter 3? 1 2 Instructor Notes: Ask: Read the question and respond with your answers. Responses should be: Pay attention Keep a sharp lookout Maintain a safe speed Look before turning Never operate the boat when you are fatigued. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Collision What should you do? 1 Instructor Notes: Use brain-storming techniques to solicit responses. Classroom Aid: Use the whiteboard to write down the responses. Responses to look for: Check condition of crew & passengers Administer first aid Call for help Put on PFDs Check for damage Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Don’t Run Aground Know water depth Location of submerged objects 1 2 Instructor Notes: Ask: How can you tell the depth of water? Responses could include: Depth finder Chart Lead line Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. If You Go Aground What should you do? 1 Instructor Notes: Ask students the question. The instructor should emphasize: Check hull for damage Check tide Shift weight to reduce draft PFDs and safety lines If stuck, use visual distress signals Ask the students if they have ever run aground? What happened and how did they solve the problem? Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Fire Emergencies Don’t mix the three ingredients required for combustion 1 Instructor Notes: Review the chart. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. In Case Of Fire What should you do? 1 Instructor Notes: Ask: Ask the question and look for the following answers: Alert crew Put on PFDs Turn off fuel Disconnect electricity Identify source of fire Can you fight fire If not get off boat Call for help Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. PWC On Fire How are a fire and the courses of action on a PWC different than on a boat? 1 Instructor Notes: Emphasize swimming away from the PWC until help arrives. Look for the following answers from the students: Stop the engine Take distress signals, swim away Keep riders together until help arrives Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Using The Fire Extinguisher P A S S Pull pin Aim at base of fire Squeeze handle Instructor Notes: Ask for a volunteer to demonstrate how to use the fire extinguisher. Sweep side to side Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Instructor Notes: Distribute the following handouts available on available on our PE library: Speedgram 2004-02 Hypothermia – Are we focused on the wrong thing? Speedgram 2004-01 CO – A bigger problem than first imagined. Ask questions and stress installation and maintenance of CO detectors.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning What are some of the symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning? How can you protect yourself and your passengers? How can you try to prevent this from happening? 1 2 3 Instructor Notes: Distribute the following handouts available on available on our PE library: Speedgram 2004-02 Hypothermia – Are we focused on the wrong thing? Speedgram 2004-01 CO – A bigger problem than first imagined. Ask questions and stress installation and maintenance of CO detectors. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Station Wagon Effect Instructor Notes: Show the CO video. Air flow can suck fumes into boat Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Serious Injuries If a person is injured on the boat what should you do for the following: Bleeding Burns Broken bones Head and neck injuries 1 Instructor Notes: Have the students discuss what actions they would take. Stress taking a first aid or CPR course. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Know How To Handle Injuries Maintain First Aid Kit Instructor Notes: Classroom aid: Bring a well-stocked first aid kit to demonstrate the materials that are basic to first aid. Stress that the first aid kit needs to be checked monthly to assure that mold and mildew are not affecting the contents. Stress replacing supplies if used. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

If You Have To Go In The Water Who remembers the four stages of cold water immersion? Cold water can kill- WEAR your PFD 1 Instructor Notes: Discuss how cold water immersion kills. Stress: Stage 1: Initial cold shock- the immediate reaction to gasp in a breath Stage 2: Short term “swim failure” Stage 3: Long term immersion hypothermia Stage 4: Post-immersion collapse Discuss what happens in each stage. WEARING A PFD can mean surviving cold water immersion and the initial cold shock. Even excellent swimmers are affected by cold water immersion. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Hypothermia Can Cause Death What are some of the symptoms? 1 Instructor Notes: Ask the question. Look for these answers: Shivering Bluish lips and fingers Loss of feeling in hands and feet Cold bluish skin Decreased mental skills Slurred speech and blurred vision Rigidity in hands and feet Unconsciousness Coma Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Heat Escape Lessening Position Instructor Notes: Discuss the definition of hypothermia and why this slide will help Reduces exposure of high heat loss areas of body Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Huddle What are the advantages of the “huddle” position? 1 Instructor Notes: Ask the question and stress: Reduces Body Heat Loss Provides Moral Support Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Weather Check weather on VHF-FM radio Wx-1 Wx-2 Wx-3 What are some signs that the weather is deteriorating? 1 2 Instructor Notes: Stress: Be alert to weather changes Watch for wind shift Watch for rough water Observe weather from all directions. Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Weather Warning Display small craft gale 1 2 Instructor Notes: hurricane storm 4 3 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

When Caught In Bad Weather What can you do if you are caught in bad weather? 1 Instructor Notes: Stress: Put on PFD- if not already on Reduce speed Consider seeking shelter Close hatches and portholes Keep weight low Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. When Caught In Fog What should you do? 1 Instructor Notes: Stress: Know your position Turn on navigation lights Reduce speed Use sound signals Post lookouts Put on PFD Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. To Get Help Instructor Notes: Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. To Get Help VHF-FM Marine Radio Channel 16 1 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Distress, Urgency, & Safety Messages What radio call would you use for the following situations? Distress Urgency Safety 1 2 3 Instructor Notes: Distress: MAYDAY, MAYDAY, MAYDAY Urgency: PANPAN, PANPAN, PANPAN Safety: SECURITE, SECURITE, SECURITE 4 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels VHF channel 16 International distress, safety and calling Widely monitored by USCG, Coast Guard stations, and vessels 1 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels VHF channel 13 Intership navigation safety (bridge to bridge) Ship 20 meters maintain listening watch in US waters 2 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels VHF channel 22 Coast Guard liaison and maritime safety First make contact on 16 Information broadcasts first announced on channel 16 3 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels 68 Non-Commercial 69 Non-Commercial 71 Non-Commercial 72 Non-Commercial (intership only) 78A Non-Commercial 1 2 3 4 5 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels WX-1, WX-2, WX-3 NOAA Weather Channels 1 Instructor Notes: Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Important Channels 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88 Public Correspondence (Marine Operator) 1 2 Instructor Notes: Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. To Get Help What are the advantages and disadvantages of the cell phone? 1 Instructor Notes: Stress: Advantages: Can call 911 Can call Coast Guard Aux. or local law enforcement. Disadvantages: Does not produce general broadcast May not receive signal in certain areas Reduced distance that can be heard Cannot be tracked with a directional finder Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. To Get Help Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) 1 Instructor Notes: Photo taken from www.navcen.uscg.mil/marcomms/gmdss/epirb.htm Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Helping Others What are some of the things you must remember when towing another boat? 1 Instructor Notes: Make a list on the white board to include the following: Put on PFDs Use strong nylon line Check cleats Secure lines Stay away from tow line ASK: if we are obligated to help another vessel. Legally, YES, if we van do so without endangering our own boat and crew Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Helping Others Adjust line length so towed boat rides at least 3 wave lengths behind 1 Instructor Notes: Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Chapter 6 Review Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises When towing, never tie to an improperly mounted cleat. Cleats used for towing should always be: screwed to the boat with long, heavy screws. both cemented and screwed to the boat. attached to the deck with strong water-proof glue. through-bolted with a backing block. 1 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises Carbon monoxide poisoning can result from exposure to: fumes from an overloaded holding tank. oil vapors emitted from a crankcase ventilation valve. exhaust from engines and generators. fumes from stale bait deteriorating in the bait well. 2 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises If involved in a collision your first action is to: get the name, address, and insurance company of the operator of the other boat. check your vhf radio to see if it is damaged. place fenders between the two boats to eliminate further damage. account for and check the condition of your crew and the occupants of the other boat. 3 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises If your boat swamps or capsizes, the primary rule to remember is: immediately send someone over the side to swim for help. always stay with the boat. swim some distance from the boat to avoid oil slicks. fasten a line to the boat and ask all to help pull it to shore. 4 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises When encountering restricted visibility of any kind, your first reaction should be to: determine your position as accurately as possible while there is visibility to do so. put on foul weather gear to keep from getting cold and wet. ring your ship’s bell one short ring every second to advise other vessels of your presence. use your hailer every three minutes to announce that you are underway and ask all other vessels to keep clear. 5 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises If you are caught on the water in bad weather, your first step should be to: listen for a weather forecast. pour water into the bilge to increase stability. turn and head for shore at full speed. see that all on board are wearing properly secured life preservers. 6 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises The use of a marine radiotelephone on a recreational boat is restricted to: distress, safety, operational, and public correspondence communications. trivial chatter on channels 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, and 78. calling the coast guard on channel 68 for a radio check. obtaining weather broadcasts on channels 24 – 28 and 84 – 88. 7 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises Calling channels for recreational vessels to contact other vessels or shore stations are: 8 and 7. 11 and 9. 16 and 9. 17 and 14. 8 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. Review Exercises The skipper of a boat is obligated by law to provide assistance to any individual in danger at sea providing that the: recipient is adequately insured. assistance can be provided safely without endangering the life of the rescuer. person in need agrees to financial remuneration. assistance cannot be provided by someone else. 9 a b c d Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.

Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc. End Chapter 6 Copyright 2005 - Coast Guard Auxiliary Association, Inc.