Y. Heru Nugroho*, Ibnu Sahidhir, Syafrizal, Muslim, Abidin Nur Intensive culture of brackishwater tilapia with powdered activated carbon and starch Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center of Ujung Batee Province of Aceh, Indonesia

1. Introduction

Benefits of powdered activated charcoal http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/1/86/htm Absorbs toxins from fungi (e.g. Aflatoxin) Absorbs toxins from bacteria (e.g. Botulinum toxin) Prevents reabsorption of bile waste Increases feed efficiency Lowers ammonia Reduces dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water. Activation of carbon with the ratio KOH / sample (a) 1: 2 (b) 2: 1

Absorbs cyanotoxin and soil odors http://www.waterra.com.au/cyanobacteria-manual/Chapter5.htm Filamentous algae The cause of the soil odors Methyl isoborneol Geosmin

Purpose Seeing the effect of the addition of powdered activated charcoal in feed SR Growth Feed conversion ratio Water quality

2. Method

Proportion of total feed Materials Proportion of total feed Artificial feed 97% Starch 1.5% Charcoal powder

Proportion of total feed Water Materials Proportion of total feed Starch 0.5% Charcoal powder

Trial Pond Area of pond was 150 m2 Stocking density was 30 ind/m2 Initial weight was + 4 gr Feeding rate was 4% in the 1st month and 3% in the last two month Fed 3 times a day Weighed fish every week Provided paddle wheel aeration in the 3rd month Checked water quality and phytoplankton

Weigh the fish Stock the fish

3. Results and Discussion

Tilapia Growth

Filamentous algae PAC

Compact sediments

Change domination of filamentous algae to diatom in the 3rd month

Microvilli without activated charcoal Activated charcoal is a cleaner ? Prevent biofilm formation on the surface of the intestine Nutrients are more absorbed by the epithelial Activated charcoal powder absorbs metabolites and give intestinal microbes a shelter Microvilli more developed

Tilapia fed charcoal had more natural feed in the gut Rotifer Phytoplankton

Output Production and Financial Performance Production performance of tilapia with powdered activated carbon Financial performance of tilapia culture with powdered activated carbon (IDR) for 150 m2 pond Variables Values Duration (days) 100 Income 10,400,000 Harvesting biomass (kg) 485 Variable cost Productivity (kg/ha) 30,313 Seed 1,250,000 Initial weight (g) 4 Feed 5,130,000 Final weight (g) 105 electricity 600,000 Stocking density (ind/m2) 30 Charcoal 100,000 SR 92% Fixed cost 400,000 FCR 1.01 7,480,000 Average daily growth (g/day) 1.1 Benefit 2,920,000

Charcoal benefit Tilapia fish showed no signs of disease, and the tilapia survived until the end of the test. Benefit to farmers increased because of savings greater than the cost of feed supplements used. Charcoal cost FCR decrease 0,2 IDR 400 efficient IDR 1.800 (Feed cost IDR 9.000) Margin IDR 1400/kg feed

Further research required Interaction between charcoal and other ingredients

Thank You