Yoram Shiftan and Shlomo Bekhor Transportation Research Institute Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Sustainable Transportation In Israel

 Overview of Transportation Investments in Israel  Research projects  Recent Public transport projects:  Infrastructure  Transit fare reform

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Public Transport Investment per Capita

Road Investment per Capita

Length of Roads per 1000 People

Parking Spaces per 1000 CBD Jobs

Length of Reserved PT Routes per 1000 People

Suburban Rail Network Length per 1000 People

Total Public Transport Boarding Per Capita

 Company car research  Applying activity-based models to evaluate transportation and environmental impacts  Tel Aviv congestion pricing study  Transport project appraisal

 Objective:  To probe the impact of the phenomenon of a company car and its taxation policy on travel behavior and safety in Israel.  Investigate the potential of a car company taxation reform to change the phenomenon  Method:  Extensive review of the situation in Israel  Survey of 400 drivers who have a company car and 250 drivers who have only privately own cars  Behavioral model estimation re company car use

 Employees' willingness to be involved in a company car arrangement might be strongly influenced by the value of personal use.  The current reform implemented in Israel will almost incur no real changes in the usage, driving patterns and behavior in company cars  Having a company car can lead to a significant change in one’s driving behavior. This can result in a more aggressive and dangerous driving style  The safety characteristics of company cars are relatively poor when compared to those demanded and purchased by private car owners

 Travel demand forecasting models still lack the capability to accurately estimate the traffic and externalities impacts of demand measures.  Understanding travel behavior is at least as important as predicting traffic conditions.  Not accounting for induced demand/assuming fix demand may bias toward highway projects and against transit project and demand management measures.  Ignoring externalities may further bias towards highways and against transit.

Home Work Shopping Secondary Tour Primary Tour PM peak AM peak Evening Dinner

Car availability ZeroOneTwo + Main Activity WorkEducationShoppingOtherNo Tour Time Periods Detailed Time Slices Morning AM peak Midday PM peak Evening 34 half-hour slices, early AM, late PM

Tour Main Mode Revealed Preference – NTHS and Rail Corridor Survey Stated Preference – New SP Survey and NTA Survey Taxi DriverPassengerBus Rail P&R, K&R, Walk P&R, K&R, Walk, Bus Destinatio n 1219 Main Destination Destination 1 Destination 2 Destination 3 Destination …

Destinations of Intermediate Stops Destinatio n 1 Destinatio n 2 Destinatio n 3 Destination … Destination 1219 Mode Switching at Main Destination Same Mode Switch Intermediate Stops No StopsBeforeAfterBefore and After WorkEducatio n Shoppin g Other

About 1,500 square Km and 3.3 million habitants in 2009

Tel Aviv City Mediterranean Sea

Change Trip Time Cancel Trip Change Destination Public Transport Pay the Toll

► General methodology oNew procedure based on CBA with MCA elements oMulti-modal oriented oBetter interaction with the transport model oTreatment of induced demand and congestion ► Project impacts oNew guidelines and values of VOT oNew environmental impact analysis oNew Safety impact analysis oEquity Analysis