 Strict interpretation of the Constitution  Limited federal government  Neutrality/isolated in foreign affairs  State Power  How well did Jefferson live up to these ideals during his two terms as president?

 Jefferson placed Republicans in Cabinet positions  VP – originally Aaron Burr  Sec. of State – James Madison  Sec. of Treasury – Albert Gallatin

 Repealed the Whiskey Tax  Allowed and used the National Bank  Twelfth Amendment – Vice President  Increased American trade to both England and France – Napoleonic Wars  Encouraged western expansion – Ohio  Cut back on military expenses  Outlawed foreign slave trade  War with Barbary Pirates

 Doubled the size of the US  Napoleonic Wars in Europe  Treaty of Cession, 1803 – US purchased the Louisiana Territory for around $15 million  Constitutional conundrum?  Federalist reversal?

 Jefferson’s second term met with limited success  Foreign policy dominated by worsening ties with England  Jefferson’s responses failed and America went to war with Britain in 1812 (after Jefferson’s presidency)

 American neutrality  1806, Britain “paper” blockaded Europe  French respond with a “blockade” of their own  Britain resumes impressment  Attack on the Chesapeake, 1807  Embargo Act of 1807 Stopped all exports Effectively removed all imports Unpopular, especially in New England. Hurt western farmers as well. Completely ineffective Repealed in 1809  Left a permanent scar of Jefferson’s legacy

 Did there have to be war?  Who wanted war?  Who voted against?  War Hawks – New Republican members from southern and western states  Henry Clay, John Calhoun  Poor national economy – Republican Congress did not renew the 1811 Charter on the National Bank

 Treaty of Greenville, 1795 – Ohio, Illinois  William Henry Harrison – Treaty of Ft. Wayne, Indiana  Tecumseh - leader of the Shawnee and formed a large Indian Confederacy with his brother, “The Prophet”  Battle of Tippecanoe, Tecumseh fled to Canada  British/Indian conspiracy?  W. H. Harrison and the Battle of the Thames, During the War of Tecumseh killed

 The US was horribly unprepared for war with England  Standing army of less than 7,000 troops  16 war ships  Inability to attack overseas so must attack Canada  Unpopular war in New England

 England immediately blockaded the US  In the north, US lost Ft. Detroit but won Thames and some naval battles (Commodore Perry)  Napoleon lost Paris, and his Empire collapsed  Andrew Jackson fought Native American groups in the south  Aug. 24, 1814 the British burned Washington D.C.

 Both sides had wanted to stop fighting for over two years  British, despite successes were weary of war (Napoleon)  Dec. 24, 1814 both sides signed the Treaty of Ghent  Status quo ante bellum – nothing changed

 General Andrew Jackson continued a string of successful maneuvers in the south  Defended New Orleans  January 8, 1815 decimated a British army at New Orleans  Caused England to quickly ratify the Treaty of Ghent  Jackson became an American hero overnight.

 New England Federalists and merchants hated “Madison’s War”  New England delegates met on Dec. 15, 1814 (MA, RI, CT, VT, NH)  Called for amendments to limit Republican power  Threatened secession if their demands were not met  Sent messengers to the White House in Feb Bad timing.  Destroyed the Federalist Party

 The US emerged from the Jefferson and Madison presidencies and the War of 1812 as an economically independent nation  The next decades saw extraordinary growth in US manufacturing  The Federalist Party was, for all intents and purposes, destroyed. The US entered the “Era of Good Feelings” where the Republican Party dominated politics