Animal-Like Protists Chapter 19 p.540

4 Phyla of Animal Like Protists Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Ciliophora Phylum Zoomastigina Phylum Zoomastigina Phylum Sarcodina Phylum Sarcodina Phylum Apicomplexa Phylum Apicomplexa

Protozoans-First Animals (4 Phyla) Phylum Ciliophora – solitary or colonial organisms that bear cilia (ciliates) Phylum Ciliophora – solitary or colonial organisms that bear cilia (ciliates) Cilia – hairlike structures that aid in mvt. Cilia – hairlike structures that aid in mvt. Fresh and salt water Fresh and salt water Free living  not a parasite or symbiont Free living  not a parasite or symbiont Paramecium Paramecium

Paramecia and their organs Large! 350 micrometers in length Large! 350 micrometers in length Outer layer =pellicle – folded in a repeating pattern; looks quilt-like Outer layer =pellicle – folded in a repeating pattern; looks quilt-like Trichocysts – embedded in the pellicle – are discharged for defense! Trichocysts – embedded in the pellicle – are discharged for defense! Macronucleus and Micronucleus – genetic info Macronucleus and Micronucleus – genetic info Gullet – indentation used for trapping food Gullet – indentation used for trapping food Cilia beat water and bits of food (bacteria) Cilia beat water and bits of food (bacteria)

Organs continued Food Vacuoles – cavities at the base of the gullet – food is forced into them Food Vacuoles – cavities at the base of the gullet – food is forced into them They break off and fuse w/ lysosomes They break off and fuse w/ lysosomes Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes Anal Pore – Food vacuole fuses with anal pore Anal Pore – Food vacuole fuses with anal pore Anal pore releases wastes into environment Anal pore releases wastes into environment Contractile Vacuoles – pumps water out of the cell when full Contractile Vacuoles – pumps water out of the cell when full

Structure of a paramecium: large ciliate protozoan that lives in stagnant freshwater. Ectoplasm: superficial layer of a paramecium. Endoplasm: central part of a paramecium.

Binary Fission

conjugation conjugation only genetic information is being exchanged only genetic information is being exchanged

Animal-like Protists - Flagellates Phylum Zoomastigina (Flagellates) Phylum Zoomastigina (Flagellates) Use flagella for movement Use flagella for movement Absorb food directly through their cell membranes Absorb food directly through their cell membranes Live in ponds or streams where they live off of dead organisms Live in ponds or streams where they live off of dead organisms Others live in the bodies of animals Others live in the bodies of animals Asexual Reproduction – some have a sexual phase to their life cycle Asexual Reproduction – some have a sexual phase to their life cycle

Flagellates Termites are able to digest wood (cellulose) because of flagellates Trichonympha that live in the digestive tract Termites are able to digest wood (cellulose) because of flagellates Trichonympha that live in the digestive tract Trypanosomes are flagellates that are parasitic. Trypanosomes are flagellates that are parasitic. They live in the blood stream of humans and cause African Sleeping Sickness They live in the blood stream of humans and cause African Sleeping Sickness Animal Planet Animal Planet Animal Planet Animal Planet

Animal Like Protists - Sarcodines Phylum Sarcodina Phylum Sarcodina Cytoplasm projections called pseudopods (false feet) aid in movement (cytoplasm) Cytoplasm projections called pseudopods (false feet) aid in movement (cytoplasm) Best Known – Amebas (“change”) Best Known – Amebas (“change”) No cilia, Flagella, Cell Walls or cell shape No cilia, Flagella, Cell Walls or cell shape Foraminifera – also sarcodines – more common Foraminifera – also sarcodines – more common Shells line ocean floor in warmer regions Shells line ocean floor in warmer regions Heliozoans – also sarcodines Heliozoans – also sarcodines Sun animals (made up of silica) Sun animals (made up of silica)

Animal-Like Protists – Sporozoans( Apicomplexa) Phylum Sporozoans(Apicomplexa ) - parasites Phylum Sporozoans(Apicomplexa ) - parasites No structures for movement No structures for movement Reproduce by creating spores Reproduce by creating spores Can infect fish, worms, insects, birds and humans (MALARIA) Can infect fish, worms, insects, birds and humans (MALARIA) complex life cycle involving more than one host complex life cycle involving more than one host Video Video Video