1. Kingdom Protista sometimes called the “Junk drawer”
contains animal-like, plant-like and fungus-like organisms
Plankton (zoo-/phyto-/myco)

2. Characteristics of Protists:
Eukaryotic cells
Most are unicellular, but some are “colonial” (many identical cells)
Most are motile (some sessile)
Most are aquatic (some terrestrial)
Reproduce asexually (some conjugate)

3. Animal-like Protists Zooplankton (Protozoans) All are heterotrophic
Classified based on how they move:
Sarcodines – move by changing their shape
Ciliates – move by rhythmic beating of cilia
Flagellates – move by long flagella

4. Zooplankton
Sarcodines –
Ciliates -

5. Zooplankton
Flagellates -

6. Zooplankton We will study 2 examples of Zooplankton Amoeba (sarcodine)
Paramecium (ciliate)

7. Sarcodines Amoeba proteus Phylum Sarcodina
Movement – formation of Pseudopods
- cytoplasm is in constant motion, pushing against the plasma membrane

8. Amoeba in Action

9. Amoeba Food – heterotrophic and feed by Phagocytosis
Reproduction – Binary fission
Special structures
Pseudopods – “false feet”
Contractile vacuole – maintain homeostasis
Food vacuole

10. Amoeba

11. Ciliates Paramecium caudatum Phylum Ciliophora
Movement – swim by beating cilia
Paramecium movement
Food – ingest food using the following structures
Oral groove – cilia – cytostome – gullet – food vacuole
Paramecium feeding

12. Paramecium Reproduction – Binary fission
- Conjugation – 2 paramecia line up their oral grooves and swap micronuclei.

13. Paramecium Special structures: Macronucleus – controls metabolism
Micronucleus - involved in conjugation
Contractile vacuoles – maintains (here it is) homeostasis
Ingestion structures
Anal pore – excretion of wastes
Trichocysts – defense mechanism

14. Paramecium