USE OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION WELCOME TO PRESENTATION ON USE OF ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION

INTRODUCTION In the present day modern fast paced economic activity waste generation from industrialization and urbanization is a cause for the huge concern to the environment, health, wellbeing and eco-system. Instead of wastes going to landfill in unscientific manner like what is happening now, recycling of such wastes and using them in construction activity appears to be viable solution not only to mitigate the pollution problem but also an economical option in construction. In view of utilization of processed/recycled industrial waste as construction material, the R & D work carried out on various waste materials at different levels has resulted in the development of innovative construction material which are having high strength, durability and high performance. The renewed approach for development of new construction material using industrial waste is proving to be a potential sustainable source for the construction Industry.

IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION ON ENVIRONMENT The building construction industry is a major contributor of environmental pollution, with high levels of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, all of which contribute to climate change. Construction Industry accounts for 10 to 15% of the total green house gases emission to environment. For example every One ton of cement production releases one ton of carbon foot print in the environment. Housing is the single largest subsector of the construction industry and also a basic need associated with social and economic benefits. The demand for housing and infrastructure development in most emerging economies is substantial. Hence it is a sector with significant potential and scope to mitigate the negative impact of climate change on public health of the society, but also to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the natural environment.

NECESSITY OF ECO-FRIENDLY BUILDING PRODUCTS According to a 2010 report, buildings in the commercial, office and hospitality sectors are poised to grow at 8% annually over the next 10 years in India. While the retail sector has been growing rapidly at 8% per annum, the residential sector has seen growth of 5% per annum during this period. It is estimated that over 70 million New Urban Housing Units will be required over the next 20 Years. Every year several acres of fertile agricultural land is being used for production of building materials like burnt brick etc., in addition the agriculture land is also being used for disposal of industrial waste like Fly-ash, pond ash, GGBS etc. This leads to wastage of land which in turn reduces the agricultural productivity. Hence the renewed approach for development of new construction material using industrial waste is proving to be a potential sustainable source for the construction Industry is needed.

INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS & ITS SOURCES. The following Industrial wastes / by- products which are used for manufacturing the ECO-FRIENDLY alternate building materials. FLY-ASH : Waste from Termal Power Plants. GGBS: Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is a by-product from the blast- furnaces used to make iron. LIME: Produced as waste material from Paper Mills, Oxygen Plants & Other Industries. GYPSUM: Produced as By-Product of Fertilizer & Aluminium Plants. RED MUD : By product of Aluminium Plants. CRUMB RUBBER : By product of Rubber Industry. PAPER PULP: By product of Paper Industry.

FEATURES OF GREEN / ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY/SUSTAINABLE BUILDING MATERIALS The following are the salient feature of the green building materials Cost effective. Eco-friendly Energy efficiency Energy efficiency High strength and durable High strength Materials efficiency Materials efficiency Use of recycled products from wastes Providing employment for the rural & urban unemployed youth in the field of production Providing Judicial use of naturally available resources. Judicial The Fly-Ash Bricks used as a eco- friendly building product reduces the pressure on Fertile Agriculture land & Forest as the Fertile Agriculture land & wood and coal are used for making burnt bricks. Wastes materials generated could be recycled and used in construction thus reducing the burden on quarrying virgin materials like sand, stone timber, ex. Building demolition & construction wastes can be recycled to produce sand & aggregate and concrete blocks. Also waste materials like Fly ash & other industrial wastes could be used for reducing consumption of cement content & also for the production of eco friendly Building Products like light weight concrete blocks.

ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES OUT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE / BY-PRODUCTS 1. FLY-ASH BASED PRODUCTS 2. GGBS BASED PRODUCTS 3. LIME & GYPSUM BASED PRODUCTS 4. POLYMER BASED PRODUCTS

FLY ASH-ASH BASED PRODUCTS – Fly –ash –cement-slag-Blocks – Fly-ash –lime-gypsum Blocks – Fly-ash –sand- cement Bricks / Blocks – FAL-GI – Interlock Brick/ Block – Polymerized blocks – Compressed mud blocks – Fly – Ash – Slag, Sand – Interlock Pavers

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS) BASED PRODUCT Fly –ash –cement-slag-Blocks Fly –ash –cement-slag Bricks/Pavers Fly –ash –cement-slag Pavers

ALTERNATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS AND ECHNOLOGIES OUT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE / BY- PRODUCTS:

FLY ASH APPLICATION IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION: FLY ASH APPLICATION IN CONCRETE: Partial Replacement of cement with Fly-ash [High Volume-fly-ash concrete] Cellular light weight concrete. Self compaction concrete (As a mineral administer in concrete) Benefits: Workability, strength – durability, Cost effective. FLY ASH APPLICATION IN CEMENT: Blended cement [Portland Pozolona cement (PPC)] FLY ASH APPLICATION IN ROADS & HIGHWAYS: Road & embankment construction. High volume fly-ash concrete pavement. Inter lock – Paver foot path for pedestrian.

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS) APPLICATION IN CONSTRUCTION – GGBS APPLICATION IN CONCRETE: Cellular light weight concrete (CLC). Self compaction concrete As a mineral administer in concrete. Benefits: Workability, strength – durability. – GGBS APPLICATION IN CEMENT : Blended cement. [Portland Slag cement (PSC)] - GGBS APPLICATION IN ROAD FORMATION: Road & embankment construction. High volume fly-ash pavement Inter lock – Paver foot path for pedestrian.

FOAM CONCRETE/CELLULAR LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE Foam concrete is a versatile light weight material which reduces dead weight of the structure and it an ideal material for all modern day construction of high rise buildings solution. Foam Concrete is a cement, fly ash and fine sand bonded material that is manufactured by blending a very fluid cement, fly ash and sand paste (the slurries) of mortar consistency with separately manufactured foam (foaming agent like aluminium powder) into the grey mix with high fluidity. Other material such as pulverized fuel as (PFz) Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and sands can be used together with different foam farming agents.

BLENDED CEMENT: It is obtained by mixing OPC with mineral admixtures or additives like fly ash, slag or silica fumes. Blended cements are now being considered superior as compared to conventional OPC Category of cements.

HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE (HVFA) As we all know Fly- ash is a by-product of the combustion of pulverized coal in thermal plants. The dust collection system removes the fly ash, as a fine particulate residue, from the combustion gases before they are discharged into the atmosphere. Fly ash types are typical spherical, ranging in diameter from <1  m upto150  m. The type of dust collection equipment used argely determines the range of particle sizes in any given fly ash. The fly ash from boilers at some older plants using mechanical collectors alone is coarser than from plants using electrostatic precipitators.

HIGH VOLUME FLY ASH CONCRETE ROAD The world uses more than 1,350 million tonnes of cement every year. Also the production of one tone of Portland cement releases about one tone of CO2 into the atmosphere. If we conserve Portland cement, an essential and most expensive component of concrete, and replace more than50% of it with low-cost ASTM Class fly ash, we not only make less expensive concrete, but also can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. India produces excellent quality cements and good quality aggregates are available in most parts of the country. Fly ash from thermal power plants can be introduced into concrete either as a blended cement containing fly ash or as a partial replacement of fine aggregates or of cement in mix proportion.

POLYMER CONCRETE: Concrete usage around the world is second only to water. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is Conventionally used as the primary binder to produce concrete. But the amount of carbon dioxide released during the manufacture of OPC due to the calcinations of lime stone and combustion of fossil fuel is in the order of 600 kg for every ton of OPC produced. In addition, the extent of energy requires to produce OPC is only next to steel and alLuminum. On the other hand, the abundant availability of fly ash worldwide creates opportunity to utilize (by product of burning coal, regarded as a waste material) as substitute for OPC to manufacture concrete. Binders could be produced by polymeric reaction of alkali liquids with the silicon and the alluminum in the source materials such as fly ash and rice husk ash and these binders are termed as Geo-polymer. In Geo-polymer Concrete, fly ash and aggregates are mixed with alkaline liquids such as a combination of Sodium Silicate and Sodium. Geo polymer is a class of alluminosilicate binding materials synthesized by thermal activation of solid alluminosilicate base materials such as fly ash, metakaolin, GGBS etc., with an alkali metal hydroxide and silicate solution. These binders are currently attracting widespread attention due to their potential utilization as a high performance, environmental friendly and sustainable alternative to Portland cement.

FAL-G TECHNOLOGY: FaL-G is a technological renaissance of the age-old pozzolanic chemistry proven for its strength and durability. FaL-G is a ground blend of fly ash (Fa), lime (L) and gypsum (G) in suitable proportions which, upon hydration, yields strengths in the range of MPa, rendering a highly water impervious hard matrix, with the formation of mineralogical phases during hydration similar to those of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The proportions of lime and gypsum are dependent upon the chemical constituents and the behaviour of fly ash. The technology is thus custom built with process parameters to yield a product of superior technical virtues.

NANO CONCRETE. As a further advancement in research, No-Aggregate Concrete (NAC) has been developed, dispensing away the inputs of sand and stone, using fly ash as pozzolan and also micro-aggregate whereby the latter rendered the performance that is supposed to be rendered by conventional coarse and fine aggregates[Efforts of INSWAREB]. Whenever lime is in short supply, Portland cement can be used as source of lime. Thus, this technology can be practiced both in 'lime route' and 'cement route' without disturbing the ultimate technical parameters and economics. This technology got international recognition

Green building is not a simple development trend; it is an approach to building suited to the demands of its time, whose relevance and importance will only continue to increase. The benefits to green building are manifold, and may be categorized along three fronts: * Environmental : Emission reduction, water conservation, storm water management, temparature moderation, waste reduction. * Economic : Energy & water saving, increased property value, Decreased infrastructure strain, improved employee attendance, increased employee productivity, sales improvement, development of local talent pool. * Social : Improved health, improved schools, healthier life styles & recreation. BENEFITS OF GREENBUILDING TECHNOLOGY:

1. Cost benefit 2. High Energy efficiency 3. High Water efficiency 4. High Material efficiency 5. Better Temparature regulation. 6. Improved Indoor air quality 7.Improved Indoor environment quality 8.Low repair / maintenance 9. Improved employee attendance & productivity. 10. Higher property value. 11. Tax benefits. ADVANTAGES OF GREEN BUILDING:

BUIDINGS WITH ALTERNATE INNOVATIVE, ECO- FRIENDLY PRODUCTS OF INSUSTRIAL WASTE/BY-PRODUCTS

BUILDINGS CONSTRUCTED WITH GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Indiait

LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT, INDORE.

GREEN BUILDINGS

BUILDINGS BY BALLARI NIRMITHI KENDRA USING INNOVATIVE ECO FRIENDLY MATERIALS

THANK YOU Srinivas Rao Kulkarni, Project Director Bellary Nirmithi Kendra.

CONCLUSION: The relationship between construction activities, and the built environment on the one hand, and sustainable development on the other, is both significant and complex. To develop a strategy for the use and promotion of environmentally friendly construction materials and energy efficiency in buildings, and waste management in order to contribute to sustainability. Now it is the task of scientists, engineers and policy makers of our country to popularize the technology, so that India can significantly contribute to reduction in CO 2 emission from its huge and rapidly growing construction sector. Most Government Bodies and Municipalities in India are reluctant to accept this technology and give permission to people to build their house with cost effective technology (CET). The following steps may be taken to ensure proper and extensive use of CET in the light of sustainable development and protection of the environment: Sensitization of people: Extensive awareness campaigns and demonstrations among general public and also among engineers and architects to make them familiar with these technologies. The market force of cost reduction will definitely play a major role in acceptance of CET if Governments/Municipal Bodies acknowledge these technologies and direct their concerned departments to adopt them. Promotion of cost-effective technologies through institutes like the Govt. of India HUDCO-sponsored, State Govt. established building centres may also be thought of : Manpower development: Material development: Technical guidance: Live demonstration. We have solutions in hand to reduce global warming. We should act now through use of clean and innovative eco-friendly technologies, and evolve policies to encourage their adoption by the statutory bodies to stop global warming. Along with other key sectors, this relatively ignored construction technology sector can also play a major role in reduction of CO 2 emission and mitigate global warming. With sincere efforts of all stakeholders, the goal can be achieved. Considering the importance, benefits and advantages of this technology many developed countries have adopted this technology in their construction activities. In India so far the Govt. Construction canters are involved in transferring the CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGY ONLY. To preserve the scarce natural resources and energy for long run green building construction practices should be introduced in all construction activities of private & public project in India. It is time now to initiate to develop the use of environment friendly materials throughout the country.