1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Utilization of Locally Available Natural and Artificial (industrial waste) Pozzolana for Green Environment and Fire Resisting Structures
Presented By
Engr. KAFFAYATULLAH KHAN
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
King Faisal University

2. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Contents
Background
Problem Statement
Literature Review
Objectives
Methodology
Experimental Program
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

3. Background Use of Cement in Construction Industry
It is the second most consumable commodity after water by the society on the earth
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

4. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Background (cont'd…...)
Use of Cement in Construction Industry
Global production of cement concrete = 25 billion metric ton per year (Celik et al.2014).
About 4.1 billion ton of Portland cement were produced in 2015.
57.2 Million ton of Saudi cement produced in 2014 and it is increasing year by year (G.A.S.,2014)
3.37 Tons per person
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

5. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Background (cont'd…...)
Issues Related with Cement Industry
The cement which is main ingredient of concrete produce approximately 5% of global man-made CO2 emission.
Energy Consumption
Cement consume 4 GJ energy that released 1 ton of CO2 into the atmosphere. (Mehta 2001)
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

6. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Problem Statement
How to reduce/replace the amount of cement so that we can reduce the energy consumption and green house effect as well as increase in the fire rating characteristics ?
Cement Replacement
,,,,, how to reduce the amount of cement so that we can reduce the energy consumption and green house effect as well as without significant loss in performance parameters of concrete ?
Only possible when we replace the cement particle with other materials that have a Cementous behavior and those materials called as pozzolanic materials
Environmental Friendly Construction ?
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

7. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Literature Review (cont'd…...)
Pozzolanic materials which is widely used in construction industry
Silica-Fume
Fly Ash
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

8. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Literature Review (cont'd…...)
Local Available Pozzolanic in KSA
Availability of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs).
Basaltic Volcanic Ash (BVA) and Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS).
Locally available in Harrat Rahat area for BVA and SABIC steel for EAFS.
Fly Ash (FA) from India.
(Celik et al.2014)
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

9. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Objectives
Evaluating the effect of locally available Basaltic Volcanic Ash (BVA) and Electric Arc Furnace Slag (EAFS) as Supplementary Cementitious Materials SCMs on compressive strength of cement mortars and compare with Fly Ash (FA) .
Evaluating the performance of locally available natural pozzolans (BVA) and EAFS at elevated temperature.
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

10. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Methodology
Material Preparation
(FA),(BVA) and (EAFS)
Crushing &Grinding   to meet ASTM C331 requirement
Exposure to temp. for 2 hours in Furnace 200,400 ,600 and 800 ˚C
Preparation of mortar samples with different % replacement [20 % and 20% +10%, ] with cement 
Curing for 91 days
Results and Discussion
Conclusions 
Senior Design - II
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

11. As receive from company Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Methodology
EAFS before grinding
Electric Arc grinder
EAFS after grinding
Particle Size(𝝁)
Symbol
Material
As receive from company C
Cement
45𝝁𝐦
EAFS
Electric Arc Furnace Slag
20𝝁𝐦
BVA
Basaltic Volcanic Ash FA
Fly Ash
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

12. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

13. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Methodology
ASTM C-305 ratio
The batches quantities for control sample, VA, FA and EAFS:
Water
Fine Aggregate
Cement
0.485
2.75 1
Mixes
Quantities
Cement
BVA FA
EAFS
Water
Sand
Control Sample
500
242.5
1375
BVA 20%
400
100
FA 20%
BVA 20% +EAFS 10% 50
FA 20% +EAFS 10%
600
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

14. Samples after exposure Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Mix set-up
Curing Chamber 40
Storage
Drying oven
Electric furnace
Samples after exposure
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15. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

16. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Conclusion
Air cooling
(20% FA + 10 % EAFS) & (20% BVA + 10 % EAFS) shows maximum compressive strength at all temperatures except 600˚C.
While BVA, FA & EAFS both display good results at 800˚C.
In General
Air cooling.
• There was a noticeable increase at 200 ˚C for all mixes for 28 days compressive strength with maximum result of 74.2 MPa for (20% FA+ 10 % EAFS).
• Taking 400 ˚C which considered a moderate high heat exposure, percentage of reduction are significantly similar, but (20% BVA +10% EAFS) shows the maximum heat resistance of MPa, 49.6 MPa and 24.5 MPa for all 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C respectively.
Water cooling.
• All the five-replacement showed a reduction in the strength due to the evaporation of free water when it was exposed to elevated temperatures, except (20% BVA +10% EAFS) at 200 ˚C shows a MPa which is maximum results comparing to other mixes.
• The maximum results of all 400 ˚C, 600 ˚C and 800 ˚C are 48 MPa of (20% BVA +10% EAFS), 42.8 MPa of (Cement) and MPa of (20% BVA) respectively.
Both Basaltic Volcanic ash and Electric Arc Furnace showed improved strength at later ages and also at elevated
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA

17. Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA
Thank you
Senior Design - II
Department of Civil & Env. Engg., KFU, KSA