1. 1 RECO CEMENT PRODUCTS (Roman Ecological Cement)

2. What is Roman Ecological Cement - RECO? It is a mineral admixture for normal Portland cement, HVFA (High Volume Fly Ash) cement and concrete mixtures Primary ingredients Fly ash (Class C, Class F, Pond Ash and/or Slag meeting (in spec or out of spec) ASTM C618 Standard Specification Secondary ingredients Proprietary Binder It is formulated to enhance strength, durability, impermeability, and workability of fresh concrete. 2 2000 Year Old Pantheon

3. Early History of Reco Cement Research FACT: 2000 year old Roman Cement used Volcanic Ash (Class N) RECO Started with varieties of Pozzolans including Class C and F Fly ash, and also Slag RECO Examined the broad history of ash used in cements Tested mixture with a wide variety of global ashes, including Class C and Class F, to achieve acceptable concrete strengths Patented the ability to match the ingredients to the Ash in USA, India, and World wide The history of fly ash research by RECO began as testing the properties of Portland Cements blended with different sources of fly ash. 3

4. OBJECTIVES Provide a High Performance Cement Superior to OPC Produce Cement at a Lower Cost than OPC Reduce the Air pollution (Carbon Emissions) associated with OPC Reduce Permeability - (the Main Cause of concrete decomposition and failure) Ability to Utilize any Fly Ash with a wide variation of mineral differences. 4

5. Fulfilling our Objectives –Utilize Fly Ash not presently usable SCM –Utilize in-spec and off-spec ash in greater amounts ( as much as 50% to 75%) –Utilization of Ash meeting C618, which is not accepted by the cement industry –Utilize low cost Ash reclaimed from ponds Reduced total cementitious materials requirement –Leaner mix  10-30% cost savings Reduced Water/Cement ratio by 10-20% Reduced energy needs and CO 2 Accomplishments

6. Reduce Energy Needs and CO 2

7. Low Permeability Scaling ResistanceReco CementControl Mix 50 cyclesRating 2 (slight scaling) Rapid Chloride Permeability Reco CementControl Mix 28 days1753 coulombs (low) 4184 coulombs (high) ASTM C 672 – Scaling Resistance (average of three specimen ASTM C 672 – Rapid Chloride Permeability (average of three specimen

8. Higher Compressive Strengths Compressive Strength Reco Cement Control Mix 7 Days5450 psi4220 psi 28 Days7410 psi5140 psi Durability Factor Reco CementControl Mix 300 Cycles90.690.1 ASTM C 39- Compressive Strength (Average of three 4” x 8” cylinders ASTM C 666- Freeze-Thaw Resistance (Average of three specimen)

9. Technology Combine OPC, Fly Ash and or Slag, and Reco Cement additive (RCA) as partial cement replacement RECO Binder 15% to 30% Fly ash/ Pond Ash 30% to 50% Up to 75% OPC replacement OPC 25% to 50% RECO Cement

10. RECO TESTING We are constantly testing and improving our products

11. High Volume Fly-Ash 65% Replacement of OPC

13. 73% Replacement of OPC Using Fly-ash Poured on September 2012Slab as of September 2013

14. High Strength Achieved in Precast using High LOI (3%) Fly-ash (Barbados) 50% Replacement of OPC Poured on February 2013

15. 100% OPC vs. 50% replacement of OPC with Reco Cement Additive

16. 100% OPC vs. 50% replacement of OPC High LOI (3%) Fly-ash and RECO

17. Class F High LOI (8%) (India)

19. Class F High LOI (10%) (Hawaii) Pour on October 2011

20. One Year-old Testing Salt Water 6 Bag (C Ash) 50% Replacement with Class C Fly Ash (6 bag) 50% Replacement with GGBS 7 Bag Mix

21. How does Blended Cement with Reco Cement affect Concrete Properties?  Fresh concrete effects are all favorable  Lower water demand, Lower Slump  Excellent finishing properties  Setting: generally No Change for straight cement systems  Similar response to admixtures – accepts traditional admixtures  Strength development: at least equivalent  Rate of strength gain and ultimate strength have shown to increase by minimum 15-20% over time  Reduced thermal cracking  Heat of hydration and durability attributes are significantly improved  Meets ASTM C595 and ASTM 1157 Specification ( hydration, shrinkage, expansion)  Meets General Purpose Cement Specs

22. How to Implement Roman cement in a Ready Mix facility 22 Add an extra silo for RECO Binder and a silo for Fly Ash if needed (Most RMC plants already have FA Silos)

23. How to implement RECO into an existing cement manufacturer Reco Cement Binder is Ground and mixed in a ball mill

24. RECO’s effects on Cement Production A Metered proportion of RECO Additive is fed to the finish grinding mill along with clinker, gypsum, fly-ash and/or slag The Reco Cement Additive is more easily ground than the clinker (which is harder) and becomes concentrated in the finest particles Overall fineness must be higher (for equivalent performance) in order for fineness of the clinker fraction to be similar to OPC – Production rate is slowed – Some additional grinding energy is required but is more than offset by lower clinker content and related kiln fuel savings Particle size distribution is enhanced Hydration is enhanced by both physical and chemical interaction’ greater overall Cementitious efficiency is possible Sustainability benefits are significant via reduced associated carbon emission and embodied energy (less clinker)

25. Manufacture a Superior Cement Product with Minimal Plant set-up Costs FA RECO Binder OPC Mixer Finished Goods

26. Summary: What’s different about RECO Cement? Higher Strength Longer Durability Lower life cycle Cost Uses Recycled or local materials in the mix Improved Workability Reduced water requirement Lower Heat of Hydration and thermal cracking during setting Low Permeability

27. Reco Cement Contact Information David Lisowski CEO/Founder david@recocement.com 262-227-9406 www.recocement.com RēcoCement™ "Superior performance in Green Technology"