Properties of Metals and Nonmetals Periodic Table Classification

Physical Properties of Metals Solids at room temperature, except Hg. Malleable – pounded into sheets Ductile – drawn into wires Have Luster (shine) Good Conductors of Heat & Electricity High Melting/Boiling Points

Chemical Properties of Metals Metals lose electrons to form positive ions. “Metals are losers” Metals have positive oxidation numbers. Low Ionization Energy Low Electronegativity Ca +2

Physical Properties of Nonmetals Generally gases or solids, except Br 2. Solids are brittle. Solids are dull. Poor conductors of heat & electricity. Low Melting and Boiling Points

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals Nonmetals gain electrons to form negative ions. “Nonmetals are winners.” Nonmetals have negative oxidation numbers High Ionization Energy. High Electronegativity. Properties are the OPPOSITE of metals. F -1

Properties of Metalloids Each metalloid has some metallic and some non-metallic properties. For example, silicon is shiny like a metal, but brittle like a nonmetal.

Transition Metals Elements in Columns 3 through 12 Transition elements form brightly colored salts and brightly colored solutions. Actinide and Lanthanide series are called the inner transition elements.

Valence Electrons and Periodicity electrons

Phases of the Elements SOLIDS –Most elements LIQUIDS –Bromine (non-metal) –Mercury (metal) GASES –H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2 (diatomics) –Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

Summary Three general categories of classification: # Valence Electrons play a key role