1. Metals and Non-metals

2. Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

3. Metals

4. What are some of the properties of metals?
Shiny solids (except for Hg)
Good conductors of heat and electricity
Many metals are hard, with high melting points
Malleable – can be hammered into shapes
Ductile – can be drawn into wires
Low ionization energy
Large atomic radius compared to non-metals

5. Metals and the Periodic Table
Metallic character increases down groups
More energy levels, more effective shielding of outer electrons
Lower ionization energy – greater metallic character
Most elements (80) are metals
Metallic character decreases across periods
Electrons are drawn closer to the nucleus; it takes more energy to remove an electron

6. What Makes an Element a Metal?
Metals tend to have extra electrons in their s or d subshells
These valence electrons are easily lost – their ionization energies are relatively low
Heavy elements in the p block (Sn, Pb, Bi) are also metals because their valence electrons are well shielded by the electrons in lower periods.

7. Metals on the Periodic Table

8. Non Metals

9. Properties of Non-Metals
There are 10 elements that have 2-5 electrons in their p subshell that are considered non-metals.
Non-metals tend to be gases or soft, brittle molecular solids, with low melting and boiling points
These elements tend to gain electrons from metals, or share electrons with non-metals to complete their valence shell.

10. Metalloids (Semimetals)

11. 13 14 15 16 17 2  B C N O F 3 
Al* Si P S Cl 4  Ga Ge As Se Br 5  In Sn Sb Te I 6  Tl Pb Bi
Po*
At*

12. Metalloids on your Periodic Table

13. Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids have properties of both metals and non metals
They have some ability to conduct electricity (semi-conductors)
Many have a dull metallic luster
Tend to be brittle, like non-metals

14. Noble Gases
Group 18

15. Properties of the Noble Gases
Group 18 elements all have a filled p sublevel
He, Ne, and Ar do not make compounds
They are all monoatomic gases at STP
Kr, Xe, and Rn make compounds with O and F

16. Metal or Non-Metal? Metal/non-metal Large atomic radius
Usually forms negative ions
High electronegativity
Poor ability to attract electrons
Ionic radius is smaller than atomic radius
High ionization energy
Forms covalent bonds
Tends to lose electrons easily
The element with atomic number of one
A neutral atom of this one has a nuclear charge of 26
Sodium Xe

17. Metal, Metalloid or Non-Metal?
A gas at STP
Doesn't form any compounds at all
Atomic number of 15
Commonly forms ions with a +3 charge
When it gains electrons, its radius increases
Always shares electrons
Conducts electricity in pure form
A brittle solid
Has mobile valence electrons when oxidation number is zero
Shiny and malleable
Low melting point (below zero celsius)
Makes hydrogen bubbles when added to acid
Diatomic element
In Lewis diagrams, the two electrons are always between the atoms

18. Metal Metalloid, or Non-Metal?
Has one electron in its outermost valence shell
Has five electrons in its outermost p sublevel
Has the electron configuration 2-8-2
Has the electron configuration 2-7
Has the electron configuration 2-8-5
Has the electron configuration [Ne] 3s2
Forms +3 ions with the electron configuration 2-8
Its 6 valence electrons are in the 3p sublevel

19. Metal, Metalloid, or Non-Metal?
Brittle, shiny solid with some ability to conduct electricity
It has 4 valence electrons in the 3rd energy level
Has the electron configuration [Ar] 4s23d104p2
Can gain or lose electrons easily