Ottoman and Mughal Empires

 Started small  originally nomads  Militaristic  took control after Mongols ◦ Used gunpowder  new to Europe ◦ Ended Byzantine Empire

 Began rule in 1453 ◦ Sultans= leaders  Muslim  renamed Constantinople to Istanbul ◦ Converted churches to mosques  Istanbul major trade center ◦ Regulated by government

 Sultan  figurehead, grew distant over time  Vizier  political leader, more control than Sultan  Queen Mother  mother of sultan, head advisor  Harem  group close to Sultan, mostly women ◦ Some political advisors, concubines ◦ Most former slaves, non-Muslims

 Empire reached peak in 1660s  Began decline because of size, corruption, and nobility’s isolation from society  Wasn’t able to keep up with Euro technology ◦ Fast ships ◦ Big military

 Came from Turkish origin  Re-established central government ◦ Babur  1 st leader in 1526  Akbar  military ruler, grandson of Babur ◦ Promoted unity  religious, cultural ◦ Created Divine Faith  blend of Islam, Hinduism  New architecture  Taj Mahal ◦ Focus on Arts

 Aurangzeb  seized throne ◦ Re-established Muslim dominance ◦ Wanted to spread Islam to all India  Tax on all non-Muslims (jizya)  Revolts from Muslims and Hindus to power  Foreign traders  influenced region, took control of ports (Trading-Posts)