Chapter 7 Late Antiquity,

Learning Objectives: Questions to Consider How were Diocletian and Constantine able to restore the Roman Empire? How did the legalization and growing acceptance of Christianity affect life in the Roman Empire? What were the reasons for the fall of the Western Roman Empire? What kinds of social, political, and cultural changes occurred during Late Antiquity?

The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 Diocletian (r ) and the Return to Order –The Personality of Diocletian –Getting the Army Under Control From Princeps to Dominus –Diocletian and the Economy –The Great Persecution, 303

The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 The Tetrarchy and the Rise of Constantine –The Tetrarchy Co-emperors and Alliances –Imperial Succession Senior and Junior Emperors –The Collapse of the Tetrarchy Constantine’s Victory at Milvian Bridge, 312 The Edict of Milan

The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 Constantine (r ) and Late Roman Government –The Policies of Constantine The Gold Solidus –The Foundation of Constantinople –Constantine and Imperial Succession –Late Roman Government

The Restoration of the Roman Empire, 284–337 Constantine (r ) and Late Roman Government –The Policies of Constantine The Gold Solidus –The Foundation of Constantinople –Constantine and Imperial Succession –Late Roman Government Masters of Soldiers

The Christian Empire, Constantine and the Church –Favoring the Christians –Dealing with Christian Conflicts Theological Disputes –The Arian Controversy Debate over the Trinity –The Council of Nicaea, 325 Condemnation of Heresy The Nicene Creed

The Christian Empire, The Impact of Christianity –Expansion Attractions and Missionaries –Patrick, ca –Alternatives to Christianity Apostasy Neoplatonism The Cult of Mithras

The Christian Empire, The Christian Life –Worship Attitudes toward Pagans Holy Space: Church, Chapel, Chancel, and Nave –Lifestyles Virtue and Expectation –Conversion Augustine of Hippo and His Confessions –Baptism by Ambrose of Milan, 387

The Christian Empire, Christian Asceticism and Monasticism –Monks, Solitary and Communal Abbots and Abbesses Martin of Tours (ca ) –Holy Men and Women The Power of the Church –The Consolidation of Christian Authority Canon Law and the Vulgate of Jerome (ca ) –Christianity and the Roman Government Theodosius I (r )

Late Romans and Their World The Pursuit of Personal Security –The Senators Rural Villas –The Decurions –The Economy –Tenant Farmers (Coloni) –Slaves

Late Romans and Their World New Opportunities –Within the Church Economic and Official (example, Episcopal) –For Women Pilgrimage –The Holy Land; the Church of the Holy Sepulcher Melania the Elder (d. 410) Literary Culture, Secular and Christian The Changing Landscape: Urban Transformation

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, The Last Golden Age –Valentinian I (r ) and Valens (r ) –Problems on the Horizon Barbarians and Rome –Barbarian Peoples

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Roman-Barbarian Cultural Exchanges –Arrival of the Visigoths Adrianople, 378 Western Disintegration –Split and Invasions Attila and the Battle of Châlons, 451 The End of Western Empire –Puppet Emperors The Deposition of Romulus by Odovacar, 476 Interpretations of the Fall of the West

The Post-Roman World, Romans and Barbarians –Interactions: Adaptation and Incompatibility –The Nature of the Post-Roman World The Barbarian Kingdoms –Visigoths –Franks: the Conversion of Clovis (r ) and the Merovingians –The Ostrogoths: Theoderic the Great (r ) –Bad Barbarians

The Post-Roman World, Eastern Rome: the Byzantine Empire –The Emperor Theodosius II (r ) –The Threat of the Huns –The New Persians –Byzantine Politics –Byzantine Religion Nestorians Monophysites –The Emperor Justinian